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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2023-23-3-500-505</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-16</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ, ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метод выявления групп атакующих на основании анализа полезной нагрузки сетевого трафика по протоколу HTTP</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Attacker group detection method based on HTTP payload analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8567-5469</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлов Артем Валерьевич — аспирант </p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem V. Pavlov — PhD Student </p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artempavlov1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9435-9580</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волошина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voloshina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волошина Наталия Викторовна — кандидат технических наук, доцент</p><p>sc 55511854200 </p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Voloshina — PhD, Associate Professor </p><p>sc 55511854200 </p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nataliv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>500</fpage><lpage>505</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Павлов А.В., Волошина Н.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Павлов А.В., Волошина Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavlov A.V., Voloshina N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/16">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/16</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Атаки на веб-приложения являются частым направлением атаки на информационные ресурсы злоумышленниками различного уровня подготовки. Подобные атаки возможно исследовать с помощью анализа HTTP-запросов, произведенных атакующими. В работе исследована возможность выявления групп атакующих по данным событий систем обнаружения вторжений. Выявление групп атакующих позволяет улучшить работу аналитиков безопасности, расследующих и реагирующих на инциденты, снизить влияние событийной усталости при анализе событий безопасности, а также поможет выявить шаблоны и ресурсы атак злоумышленников, что повысит качество защиты системы в целом. Метод. Выявление групп атакующих в рамках предложенного метода выполнено на основании последовательности этапов. Проведено разбиение запросов на токены по регулярному выражению, основанному на особенностях протокола HTTP и атак, которые часто встречаются и выявляются системами обнаружения вторжений. Выполнено взвешивание токенов алгоритмом TF-IDF (Term FrequencyInverse Document Frequency), что позволяет выделить редкие токены. На следующем этапе произведено отделение основного ядра запросов, не содержащих в себе редкие слова, совпадение по которым позволяет говорить о связанности событий. Таким образом происходит отделение использования публичных, доступных открыто от разработанных или модифицированных атакующими, инструментов атаки. Для определения расстояния применено манхэттенское расстояние. На последнем этапе проведена кластеризация методом DBSCAN (Densitybased Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise). Основные результаты. Показано, что данные полезной нагрузки HTTP-запросов могут использоваться для выявления групп атакующих. Предложен эффективный метод токенизации, взвешивания и кластеризации рассматриваемых данных и использование метода DBSCAN для кластеризации в рамках метода. Проведена оценка метрик: однородности, полноты и V-меры кластеризации, получаемых различными методами на наборе данных CPTC-2018. Выявлено, что предлагаемый метод позволяет получить кластеризацию событий, обладающую высокой однородностью и достаточной полнотой. Представлено комбинирование кластеризации с кластерами, образованными другими методами, с большой однородностью кластеризации для получения высокого показателя полноты и V-меры при сохранении большой однородности. Обсуждение. Предложенный метод может найти применение в работе аналитиков безопасности в SOC (Security Operations Center), CERT (Computer Emergency Response Team) и CSIRT (Cybersecurity Incident Response Team) как при противодействии вторжениям, так и в сборе данных о техниках и тактиках атакующих, включая атаки уровня APT (Advanced Persistent Threat). Метод позволит выявлять шаблоны следов инструментов, используемых атакующими, что даст возможность проводить атрибуцию атак.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Attacks on web applications are a frequent vector of attack on information resources by attackers of various skill levels. Such attacks can be investigated through analysis of HTTP requests made by the attackers. The possibility of identifying groups of attackers based on the analysis of the payload of HTTP requests marked by IDS as attack events has been studied. The identification of groups of attackers improves the work of security analysts investigating and responding to incidents, reduces the impact of alert fatigue in the analysis of security events, and also helps in identifying attack patterns and resources of intruders. Identification of groups of attackers within the framework of the proposed method is performed based on the sequence of stages. At the first stage, requests are split into tokens by a regular expression based on the features of the HTTP protocol and attacks that are often encountered and detected by intrusion detection systems. Then the tokens are weighted using the TF-IDF method, which allows to further give a greater contribution when comparing requests to the coincidence of rare words. At the next stage the main core of requests is separated based on their distance from the origin. Thus, requests not containing rare words, the coincidence of which allows us to talk about the connectedness of events, are separated. Manhattan distance is used to determine the distance. Finally, clustering is carried out using the DBSCAN method. It is shown that HTTP request payload data can be used to identify groups of attackers. An efficient method of tokenization, weighting and clustering of the considered data is proposed. The use of the DBSCAN method for clustering within the framework of the method is proposed. The homogeneity, completeness and V-measure of clustering obtained by various methods on the CPTC-2018 dataset were evaluated. The proposed method allows obtaining a clustering of events with high homogeneity and sufficient completeness. It is proposed to combine the resulting clustering with clusters obtained by other methods with high clustering homogeneity to obtain a high completeness metric and V-measure while maintaining high homogeneity. The proposed method can be used in the work of security analysts in SOC, CERT and CSIRT, both in defending against intrusions including APT and in collecting data on attackers’ techniques and tactics. The method makes it possible to identify patterns of traces of tools used by attackers, which allows attribution of attacks.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>группы атакующих</kwd><kwd>сложные атаки</kwd><kwd>обнаружение вторжений</kwd><kwd>корреляция событий безопасности</kwd><kwd>кибербезопасность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>attacker groups</kwd><kwd>complex attacks</kwd><kwd>intrusion detection</kwd><kwd>alert correlation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hassan W., Guo S., Li D., Chen Z., Jee K., Li Z., Bates A. NoDoze: Combatting threat alert fatigue with automated provenance triage // Proc. of the 2019 Network and Distributed System Security Symposium. 2019. https://doi.org/10.14722/ndss.2019.23349</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hassan W., Guo S., Li D., Chen Z., Jee K., Li Z., Bates A. 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