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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2023-23-5-1056-1064</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-195</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ И КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MODELING AND SIMULATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Аналитическое и имитационное моделирование гибких сочленений для мехатронных и робототехнических систем</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analytical and simulation modeling of flexible joints for mechatronic and robotic systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-6142</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ракшин</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakshin</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ракшин Егор Александрович — инженер</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor A. Rakshin — Engineer</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">earakshin@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0168-6609</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисов</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisov</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисов Иван Игоревич — кандидат технических наук, доцент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan. I. Borisov — PhD, Associate Professor</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borisovii@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1056</fpage><lpage>1064</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ракшин Е.А., Борисов И.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ракшин Е.А., Борисов И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rakshin E.A., Borisov I.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/195">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/195</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Для работы в условиях неструктурированного окружения роботы должны обладать свойством пассивности, которое может быть реализовано с помощью алгоритмов управления и физических эластичных элементов. Гибкие элементы могут быть использованы для рекуперации энергии, абсорбировании пиковых ударных нагрузок и для упрощения системы управления в целом, снижая требования к точности информации об окружении робота. Моделирование гибких тел, например с помощью метода конечных элементов, вычислительно требовательно, что ограничивает возможности имитационного моделирования динамического поведения роботов с гибкими элементами. В работе предложен подход аналитического и имитационного моделирований гибких сочленений с помощью плоского случая модели пространственной пружины, который обеспечивает высокую скорость моделирования без потери точности. Синтез модели гибкого сочленения заключается в численной оптимизации нелинейных диаграмм жесткости вращательной и поступательных степеней свободы для плоского случая модели пространственной пружины. Синтезированная модель гибкого сочленения позволяет описать относительное движение двух звеньев. Метод. На первом этапе синтеза гибкое сочленение оптимизировано методом конечных элементов для поиска опорных данных о приложенной нагрузке и соответствующих деформациях. На втором этапе решена оптимизационная задача поиска нелинейных диаграмм жесткости для плоского случая модели пространственной пружины, при этом в качестве критерия выступает минимизация ошибки между опорными данными и оптимизируемой моделью пружины. На третьем этапе полученные результаты верифицированы посредством имитационного моделирования и/или натурного эксперимента. Основные результаты. Предложен метод аналитического и имитационного моделирования гибких сочленений с помощью модели пространственной пружины. Разработана процедура оптимизации жесткости модели пружины. Проведена верификация в среде имитационного моделирования и натурный эксперимент. Выполнено сравнение моделирований методом конечных элементов, моделирования с помощью модели пружины и результатов натурного эксперимента. Данные эксперимента подтвердили применимость модели пространственной пружины для имитационного моделирования гибких сочленений различных топологий. Представленный метод позволяет проводить расчет имитационной модели гибкого сочленения примерно вдвое быстрее по сравнению с методом конечных элементов. Обсуждение. Предложенная модель гибкого сочленения применима для повышения скорости имитационного моделирования мехатронных и робототехнических систем с гибкими сочленениями без потери точности. Апробация метода планируется при проектировании локомоционных, манипуляционных, носимых роботов и захватных устройств.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To operate in unstructured environments, robots must have the property of passivity which can be realized either through control algorithms or physical elastic elements. Flexible elements can be used to recover energy, absorb peak shock loads, and simplify the control system, generally reducing the requirements for accurate information about the robot’s environment. The modeling of flexible bodies, for example using the finite element method, is computationally demanding, which limits the simulation of the dynamic behavior of robots with flexible elements. In this paper, we propose an approach for analytical and simulation modeling of flexible joints using the planar case of a spatial spring model, which provides high speed simulation without loss of accuracy. The synthesis of the flexible joint model consists of numerical optimization of the nonlinear stiffness diagrams of the rotational and translational degrees of freedom for the planar case of the spatial spring model. The synthesized flexible joint model allows describing the relative motion of two links. In the first step of the synthesis, the flexible joint is optimized by finite element method to find the reference data of applied load and corresponding deformations. In the second stage, an optimization problem is solved to find nonlinear stiffness diagrams for the planar case of the spatial spring model; the criterion is to minimize the error between the reference data and the optimized spring model. In the third stage, the obtained results are verified by simulation and/or physical experiment. The method of analytical and simulation modeling of flexible joints with the help of spatial spring model is proposed, the procedure of optimization of stiffness of spring model is proposed, verification in simulation environment is carried out, full-scale experiment is carried out, comparison of simulations by finite element method, simulation with the help of spring model and results of full-scale experiment is provided. The proposed method allows the calculation of a simulation model of a flexible joint approximately twice as fast as the finite element method. The proposed model of flexible joint is necessary to increase the speed of simulation modeling of mechatronic and robotic systems with compliant hinges without loss of accuracy. Approbation of the method is planned for the design of locomotion, manipulation, wearable robots, and gripper devices.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>имитационное моделирование</kwd><kwd>гибкие сочленения</kwd><kwd>теория упругости</kwd><kwd>модель псевдожесткого тела</kwd><kwd>оптимизация</kwd><kwd>механизм замещения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>simulation modeling</kwd><kwd>flexible joints</kwd><kwd>elasticity theory</kwd><kwd>pseudo-rigid body model</kwd><kwd>optimization</kwd><kwd>surrogate model</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана грантом Президента Российской Федерации (№ МК-2081.2022.4).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work is supported by the grant of the President of the Russian Federation (project No. MK-2081.2022.4).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peshkin M.A., Colgate J.E., Wannasuphoprasit W., Moore C.A., Gillespie R.B., Akella P. 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