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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2023-23-3-538-546</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-22</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ, ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новый способ сбора данных для обнаружения аномального поведения в среде Kubernetes и агент для сбора метрик с узлов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A novel approach to feature collection for anomaly detection in Kubernetes environment and agent for metrics collection from Kubernetes nodes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1116-9410</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дарвиш</surname><given-names>Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Darwesh</surname><given-names>Gh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дарвиш Гадир — аспирант </p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ghadeer Darwesh — PhD Student </p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ghadeerdarwesh32@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2033-0838</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаммуд</surname><given-names>Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hammoud</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хаммуд Жаафар — аспирант </p><p>sc 57222044000 </p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Jaafar Hammoud — PhD Student </p><p>sc 57222044000 </p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hammoudgj@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6691-6167</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobeva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воробьева Алиса Андреевна — кандидат технических наук, доцент </p><p>sc 57191359167 </p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alisa A. Vorobeva — PhD, Associate Professor </p><p>sc 57191359167 </p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alice_w@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>538</fpage><lpage>546</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дарвиш Г., Хаммуд Ж., Воробьева А.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дарвиш Г., Хаммуд Ж., Воробьева А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Darwesh G., Hammoud J., Vorobeva A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/22">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/22</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Kubernetes — широко используемая платформа с открытым исходным кодом для управления контейнеризированными нагрузками и развертывания приложений в микросервисной архитектуре. Несмотря на популярность, платформа Kubernetes имеет многочисленные проблемы, связанные с безопасностью. Существующие решения для обнаружения аномального поведения в среде Kubernetes не позволяют детектировать аномальную активность, связанную с атаками злоумышленников, в режиме реального времени. Метод. Представлен новый способ сбора характеристик с узлов платформы Kubernetes для обнаружения аномалий. Предложен новый агент мониторинга с собственными экстракторами и настраиваемыми правилами, которые собирают важные метрики с узлов реальной системы Kubernetes и экспортируют их в центральный набор данных. Применены метрики (связанные с использованием диска, процессора и сети), полученные от экспортеров Prometheus. Основные результаты. Выполнена симуляция в реальной среде Kubernetes на облачной платформе Microsoft Azure. Полученные результаты показали, что предложенный агент успешно собрал 24 метрики в централизованную базу данных за короткое время. Отобранные метрики могут быть использованы для создания размеченного набора данных временных рядов с аномалиями, создаваемыми микросервисом. Данное решение позволит обнаруживать атаки в реальном времени в среде Kubernetes на основе поведения скомпрометированных узлов в ее кластере. Обсуждение. Предложенный способ и разработанный агент мониторинга могут быть применены для формирования наборов данных для обучения моделей детектирования аномалий в среде Kubernetes, основанных на технологиях искусственного интеллекта, в режиме реального времени. Полученные результаты будут полезны исследователям и специалистам в области кибербезопасности приложения Kubernetes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Kubernetes is a widely adopted open-source platform for managing containerized workloads and deploying applications in a microservices architecture. Despite its popularity, Kubernetes has faced numerous security challenges; deployments using Kubernetes are vulnerable to security risks. The current solutions for detecting anomalous behavior within a Kubernetes cluster lack real-time detection capabilities allowing hackers to exploit vulnerabilities and cause damage to production assets. This study aims to address these security concerns by proposing a new approach and novel agent to feature collection for anomaly detection in Kubernetes environment. It is proposed to use metrics (related to disk usage, CPU and network) collected by node exporter (Prometeus) directly from Kubernetes nodes. The simulation was conducted in a real-world production Kubernetes environment hosted on the Microsoft Azure, with results indicating the agent success in collecting 24 security metrics in a short amount of time. These metrics can be used to create a labeled time-series dataset of anomalies produced by microservices, enabling real-time detection of attacks based on the behavior of compromised nodes within the Kubernetes cluster. The proposed approach and developed agent for monitoring can be used to generate datasets for training anomaly detection models in the Kubernetes environment, based on artificial intelligence technologies, in real-time mode. The obtained results will be useful for researchers and specialists in the field of Kubernetes cybersecurity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Kubernetes</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>мониторинг Kubernetes</kwd><kwd>обнаружение атак</kwd><kwd>выявление аномалий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Kubernetes</kwd><kwd>security</kwd><kwd>Kubernetes monitoring</kwd><kwd>attack detection</kwd><kwd>anomalies detection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sultan S., Ahmad I., Dimitriou T. Container security: Issues, challenges, and the road ahead // IEEE Access. 2019. V. 7. P. 52976– 52996. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2911732</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sultan S., Ahmad I., Dimitriou T. Container security: Issues, challenges, and the road ahead // IEEE Access. 2019. V. 7. 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