<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2024-24-3-348-356</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-251</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОПТИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPTICAL ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение ксантеновых флуоресцентных красителей для обнаружения микропластика в почве и проведения фитотестов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The xanthene fluorescent dyes usage for the microplastics in soil detection and for phytotests</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2014-5876</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носова</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nosova</surname><given-names>A. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Носова Анастасия Олеговна — аспирант</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiia O. Nosova — PhD Student</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2510-2639</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Успенская</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uspenskaya</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Успенская Майя Валерьевна — доктор технических наук, профессор, профессор</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mayya V. Uspenskaya — D.Sc., Full Professor</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>348</fpage><lpage>356</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Носова А.О., Успенская М.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Носова А.О., Успенская М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nosova A.О., Uspenskaya M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/251">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/251</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. В работе рассмотрены вопросы применения ксантеновых флуоресцентных красителей, доступных широкому кругу исследовательских лабораторий для обнаружения микропластика со средней длиной частиц 157 ± 59 мкм в почве и проведения фитотестов с использованием флуоресцентно-меченого микропластика. Метод. При проведении исследования использовались почвы с содержанием гумуса 1,59 ± 0,15 % (П1) и 6,74 ± 0,11 % (П2), а также суспензионный поливинилхлорид (ООО «РусВинил», 157 ± 59 мкм, белого цвета). В целях изучения возможности избирательного окрашивания микропластика в присутствии почвенных частиц микрочастицы поливинилхлорида, почв П1 и П2, а также смеси почвы П1 и поливинилхлорида (5 % по массе) окрашивались родаминами С и Ж, флуоресцеином и эозином Н в изопропиловом спирте (концентрация красителя — 200 мг/л, температура — 100 °С, время окрашивания — 2 ч при постоянном перемешивании на магнитной мешалке) и промывались дистиллированной водой на бумажном фильтре. Для исследования химической структуры микрочастиц поливинилхлорида до и после окрашивания применялась инфракрасная спектроскопия с преобразованием Фурье нарушенного полного внутреннего отражения (спектрометр Tensor 37 (Bruker, Германия) с приставкой нарушенного полного внутреннего отражения MIRacle Pike c кристаллом из ZnSe с алмазным напылением). Для определения возможности вымывания красителя из микрочастиц поливинилхлорида после многократного промывания водой использовались спектрофотометрия и анализ микрофотографий с применением программы ImageJ. Для проведения лабораторного эксперимента по обнаружению микропластика в почве приготовлялась смесь почвы П1 и микрочастиц поливинилхлорида (0,1 % по массе) и проводилось окрашивание родамином Ж. Для уменьшения количества минеральных частиц и концентрирования микрочастиц поливинилхлорида использовалась техника разделения за счет разницы в плотности с помощью бинарного раствора NaCl и Ca(NO3)2. Получены микрофотографии с использованием оптического микроскопа с дополнительным источником ультрафиолета (λ = 365 нм). Измерения площадей изображений проекций обнаруженных микрочастиц, необходимых для расчета ориентировочной массы загрязнителя, производились с помощью ImageJ. Возможность применения флуоресцентно-меченых микрочастиц поливинилхлорида для проведения фитотестов устанавливалась с помощью теста на проращивание семян в загрязненной почве и изучения проростков с использованием оптического микроскопа с дополнительным источником ультрафиолета. Основные результаты. Показано, что после окрашивания родаминами С и Ж флуоресценция наблюдается у микрочастиц поливинилхлорида как отдельно, так и в смеси, так как частицы почв П1 и П2 аналогичных свойств не приобретают. В случае применения флуоресцеина и эозина Н микрочастицы поливинилхлорида и почва практически не флуоресцируют. Установлено, что окрашивание не влияет на химическую структуру поливинилхлорида. Красители не вымываются из микрочастиц поливинилхлорида при многократном промывании водой. В лабораторном эксперименте показано, что возможно обнаружение и количественное определение микрочастиц поливинилхлорида в почве в концентрации 0,1 % по массе с относительной погрешностью около 30 %. Возможно применение флуоресцентно-меченых родаминами С и Ж микрочастиц поливинилхлорида при проведении фитотестов. Обсуждение. В настоящей работе впервые показана возможность избирательного окрашивания родаминами С и Ж микрочастиц поливинилхлорида в смеси с почвой, их обнаружения по причине наблюдаемой флуоресценции и количественного определения в концентрации от 0,1 % по массе. Полученные результаты расширяют знания в области контроля микропластика в почве. Так как на сегодняшний день не существует стандартизированных методик по обнаружению данного загрязнителя, результаты могут найти применение при разработке новых методик. Флуоресцентно-меченые родаминами С и Ж микрочастицы поливинилхлорида планируется использовать при проведении фитотестов в рамках экспериментов по гигиеническому обоснованию предельно допустимой концентрации загрязнителя в почве.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper examines the xanthene fluorescent dyes questions available to a wide laboratories range in order to detect microplastics with an average particle length of 157 ± 59 μm in soil samples and conduct phytotests using fluorescently labeled microplastics. For the research, soils with a humus content of 1.59 ± 0.15 % (P1) and 6.74 ± 0.11 % (P2) as well as suspension polyvinyl chloride (RusVinyl LLC, 157 ± 59 μm, white) were used. In order to study the possibility of selective staining of microplastics in the presence of soil particles, polyvinyl chloride microparticles, soil P1 and P2, as well as a mixture of soil P1 and polyvinyl chloride (5 % by weight) were stained with rhodamine B, rhodamine G, fluorescein and eosin Y in isopropyl alcohol (dye concentration — 200 mg/L, temperature — 100 °C, staining time — 2 hours with constant stirring on a magnetic stirrer) and washed with distilled water on a paper filter. To study the chemical polyvinyl chloride microparticles structure before and after staining attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used (spectrometer Tensor 37 (Bruker, Germany), attenuated total internal reflection MIRacle Pike attachment with a diamond-coated ZnSe crystal). Spectrophotometry and microphotograph analysis using ImageJ software were used to determine whether dye could be leached from polyvinyl chloride microparticles after repeated washing with water. To conduct the laboratory experiment to detect microplastics in soil a mixture of P1 soil and polyvinyl chloride microparticles (0.1 % by weight) was prepared and stained with rhodamine G. In order to reduce the amount of mineral particles and concentrate polyvinyl chloride microparticles, a separation technique was used due to the difference in density using binary solution of NaCl and Ca(NO3)2. Microphotographs were obtained using an optical microscope with an additional ultraviolet source (λ = 365 nm). Image areas measurements of detected microparticles projections, that are necessary for calculating the approximate mass of the pollutant, were carried out using ImageJ software. The possibility of using fluorescently labeled polyvinyl chloride microparticles for phytotests was established using the seed germination test in contaminated soil and studying seedlings using an optical microscope with an additional ultraviolet source. It was shown that after staining with rhodamine B and rhodamine G, fluorescence is observed in polyvinyl chloride microparticles both separately and in a mixture, since soil particles P1 and P2 do not acquire similar properties. When fluorescein and eosin were used, polyvinyl chloride microparticles and soil practically did not fluoresce. It has been established that coloring does not affect the polyvinyl chloride chemical structure. Dyes are not washed out of polyvinyl chloride microparticles after repeated washing with water. The laboratory experiment showed that it is possible to detect and quantitation polyvinyl chloride microparticles in soil at the 0.1 % concentration by weight with a relative error of about 30 %. It is possible to use fluorescently labeled polyvinyl chloride microparticles with rhodamine B and rhodamine G when conducting phytotests. This research demonstrates for the first time the possibility of selective staining of polyvinyl chloride microparticles with rhodamine B and rhodamine G in a mixture with soil due to the observed fluorescence and their detection in a concentration of 0.1 % by weight. The results obtained expand knowledge in the field of monitoring microplastics in soil and, since today there are no standardized methods for detecting this pollutant, it can be used in their development. Fluorescently labeled polyvinyl chloride microparticles with rhodamine B and rhodamine G are planned to be used in phytotests as part of experiments on the hygienic justification of the maximum permissible concentration of the pollutant in the soil.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микропластик</kwd><kwd>ксантеновые красители</kwd><kwd>почва</kwd><kwd>микроскопия</kwd><kwd>флуоресценция</kwd><kwd>родамин С</kwd><kwd>родамин Ж</kwd><kwd>эозин Н</kwd><kwd>флуоресцеин</kwd><kwd>фитотесты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microplastic</kwd><kwd>xanthene dyes</kwd><kwd>soil</kwd><kwd>microscopy</kwd><kwd>fluorescence</kwd><kwd>rhodamine B</kwd><kwd>rhodamine G</kwd><kwd>eosin Y</kwd><kwd>fluorescein</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murphy F., Ewins C., Carbonnier F., Quinn B. Wastewater treatment works (WwTW) as a source of microplastics in the aquatic environment // Environmental Science &amp; Technology. 2016. V. 50. N 11. P. 5800–5808. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05416</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murphy F., Ewins C., Carbonnier F., Quinn B. Wastewater treatment works (WwTW) as a source of microplastics in the aquatic environment. Environmental Science &amp; Technology, 2016, vol. 50, no. 11, pp. 5800–5808. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05416</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christian A.E., Köper I. Microplastics in biosolids: A review of ecological implications and methods for identification, enumeration, and characterization // Science of The Total Environment. 2023. V. 864. P. 161083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161083</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christian A.E., Köper I. Microplastics in biosolids: A review of ecological implications and methods for identification, enumeration, and characterization. Science of The Total Environment, 2023, vol. 864, pp. 161083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161083</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carpenter E.J., Smith K.L. Plastics on the Sargasso Sea surface // Science. 1972. V. 175. N 4027. P. 1240–1241. https://doi.org/10.1126/ science.175.4027.1240</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carpenter E.J., Smith K.L. Plastics on the Sargasso Sea surface. Science, 1972, vol. 175, no. 4027, pp. 1240–1241. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.175.4027.1240</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thompson R.C., Olsen Y., Mitchell R.P., Davis A., Rowland S.J., John A.W., McConigle D., Russell A.E. Lost at sea: where is all the plastic? // Science. 2004. V. 304. N 5672. P. 838. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1094559</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thompson R.C., Olsen Y., Mitchell R.P., Davis A., Rowland S.J., John A.W., McConigle D., Russell A.E. Lost at sea: where is all the plastic? Science, 2004, vol. 304, no. 5672, pp. 838. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1094559</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He D., Luo Y., Lu S., Liu M., Song Y., Lei L. Microplastics in soils: Analytical methods, pollution characteristics and ecological risks // TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2018. V. 109. P. 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He D., Luo Y., Lu S., Liu M., Song Y., Lei L. Microplastics in soils: Analytical methods, pollution characteristics and ecological risks. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2018, vol. 109, pp. 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Z., Zhao S., Chen L., Duan C., Zhang X., Fang L. A review of microplastics in soil: Occurrence, analytical methods, combined contamination and risks // Environmental Pollution. 2022. V. 306. P. 119374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119374</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Z., Zhao S., Chen L., Duan C., Zhang X., Fang L. A review of microplastics in soil: Occurrence, analytical methods, combined contamination and risks. Environmental Pollution, 2022, vol. 306, pp. 119374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119374</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sturm M.T., Horn H., Schuhen K. The potential of fluorescent dyes— comparative study of Nile red and three derivatives for the detection of microplastics // Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2021. V. 413. N 4. P. 1059–1071. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-02003066-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sturm M.T., Horn H., Schuhen K. The potential of fluorescent dyes— comparative study of Nile red and three derivatives for the detection of microplastics. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2021, vol. 413, no. 4, pp. 1059–1071. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-02003066-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Löder M.G., Gerdts G. Methodology used for the detection and identification of microplastics—a critical appraisal // Marine Anthropogenic Litter. Springer, Cham, 2015. P. 201–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3_8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Löder M.G., Gerdts G. Methodology used for the detection and identification of microplastics—a critical appraisal. Marine Anthropogenic Litter. Springer, Cham, 2015, pp. 201–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3_8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perez C.N., Carré F., Hoarau-Belkhiri A., Joris A., Leonards P.E.G., Lamoree M.H. Innovations in analytical methods to assess the occurrence of microplastics in soil // Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2022. V. 10. N 3. P. 107421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.107421</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perez C.N., Carré F., Hoarau-Belkhiri A., Joris A., Leonards P.E.G., Lamoree M.H. Innovations in analytical methods to assess the occurrence of microplastics in soil. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2022, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 107421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.107421</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Красовицкий Б.М., Болотин Б.М. Органические люминофоры / 2-е изд., перераб. М.: Химия, 1984. 336 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasovitckii B.M., Bolotin B.M. Organic Luminescent Materials. 2nd ed. Moscow, Himija Publ., 1984, 336 p. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Степанов Б.И. Введение в химию и технологию органических красителей: учеб. для вузов / 3-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: Химия, 1984. 592 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepanov B.I. Introduction to the Chemistry and Technology of the Organic Dyes. 3rd ed. Moscow, Himija Publ., 1984, 592 p. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lv L., Qu J., Yu Z., Chen D., Zhou C., Hong P., Li C. A simple method for detecting and quantifying microplastics utilizing fluorescent dyes Safranine T, fluorescein isophosphate, Nile red based on thermal expansion and contraction property // Environmental Pollution. 2019. V. 255. Part 2. P. 113283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113283</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lv L., Qu J., Yu Z., Chen D., Zhou C., Hong P., Li C. A simple method for detecting and quantifying microplastics utilizing fluorescent dyes — Safranine T, fluorescein isophosphate, Nile red based on thermal expansion and contraction property. Environmental Pollution, 2019, vol. 255, part 2, pp. 113283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113283</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tong H., Jiang Q., Zhong X., Hu X. Rhodamine B dye staining for visualizing microplastics in laboratory-based studies // Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021. V. 28. N 4. P. 4209–4215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10801-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tong H., Jiang Q., Zhong X., Hu X. Rhodamine B dye staining for visualizing microplastics in laboratory-based studies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 4209–4215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10801-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Le Quoc P., Fokina M.I., Martynova D.M., Olekhnovich R.O., Uspenskaya M.V. Method of manufacturing and staining microplastics for using in the biological experiments // Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2022. V. 29. N 44. P. 67450–67455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22776-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Le Quoc P., Fokina M.I., Martynova D.M., Olekhnovich R.O., Uspenskaya M.V. Method of manufacturing and staining microplastics for using in the biological experiments. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022, vol. 29, no. 44, pp. 67450–67455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22776-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azeem I., Adeel M., Ahmad M.A., Shakoor N., Jiangcuo G.D., Azeem K., Ishfaq M., Shakoor A., Ayaz M., Xu M., Rui Y. Uptake and accumulation of nano/microplastics in plants: a critical review // Nanomaterials. 2021. V. 11. N 11. P. 2935. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112935</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azeem I., Adeel M., Ahmad M.A., Shakoor N., Jiangcuo G.D., Azeem K., Ishfaq M., Shakoor A., Ayaz M., Xu M., Rui Y. Uptake and accumulation of nano/microplastics in plants: a critical review. Nanomaterials, 2021, vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 2935. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112935</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li T., Wang Y., Jiao M., Zhao Z., Li R., Qin C. Distinct microplastics abundance variation in root-associated sediments revealed the underestimation of mangrove microplastics pollution // Science of the Total Environment. 2023. V. 899. P. 165611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165611</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li T., Wang Y., Jiao M., Zhao Z., Li R., Qin C. Distinct microplastics abundance variation in root-associated sediments revealed the underestimation of mangrove microplastics pollution. Science of the Total Environment, 2023, vol. 899, pp. 165611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165611</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li L., Luo Y., Peijnenburg W.J., Li R., Yang J., Zhou Q. Confocal measurement of microplastics uptake by plants // MethodsX. 2020. V. 7. P. 100750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2019.11.023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li L., Luo Y., Peijnenburg W.J., Li R., Yang J., Zhou Q. Confocal measurement of microplastics uptake by plants. MethodsX, 2020, vol. 7, pp. 100750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2019.11.023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Моргун А.В., Хилажева Е.Д., Бойцова Е.Б. Использование пакета программного комплекса «ImageJ / FIJI» для обработки изображений: учеб. пособие для аспирантов. Красноярск: тип. КрасГМУ, 2018. 72 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morgun A.V., Khilazheva E.D., Boitcova E.B. Using the ImageJ / FIJI Software Package for Image Processing. Krasnoyarsk, KrasSMU Publ., 2018, 72 p. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Носова А.О., Варфоломеева А.Е., Успенская М.В., Олехнович Р.О. Возможности применения методов термического анализа для обнаружения ПВХ-микропластика в почве // Фундаментальные и прикладные проблемы техники и технологии. 2023. № 5(361). С. 99–109. https://doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2023-361-5-99-109</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nosova A. O., Varfolomeeva A. E., Uspenskaya M. V., Olekhnovich R.O. The possibilities of applying thermal analysis methods to detect pvc microplastics in soil. Fundamental and Applied Problems of Technics and technology, 2023, no. 5(361), pp. 99–109. (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2023-361-5-99-109</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаврилова Н.Н., Назаров В.В., Яровая О.В. Микроскопические методы определения размеров частиц дисперсных материалов: учеб. пособие. М.: РХТУ им. Д.И. Менделеева, 2012. 56 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavrilova N.N., Nazarov V.V., Iarovaia O.V. Microscopic Methods for Determining Particle Sizes of Dispersed Materials. Moscow, D.I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology, 2012, 56 p. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сергеев М.Н. Расчет объема бесконечномерной сферы // Академическая публицистика. 2021. № 7. С. 28–33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sergeev M.N. Calculating the volume of an infinite dimensional sphere. Akademicheskaja publicistika, 2021, no. 7, pp. 28–33. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu S., Shang E., Liu J., Wang Y., Bolan N., Kirkham M.B., Li Y. What have we known so far for fluorescence staining and quantification of microplastics: a tutorial review // Frontiers of Environmental Science &amp; Engineering. 2022. V. 16. N 1. P. 8. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s11783-021-1442-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu S., Shang E., Liu J., Wang Y., Bolan N., Kirkham M.B., Li Y. What have we known so far for fluorescence staining and quantification of microplastics: a tutorial review. Frontiers of Environmental Science &amp; Engineering, 2022, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-021-1442-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нечипоренко А.П., Нечипоренко У.Ю., Ситникова В.Е. Фурьеспектроскопия в исследовании плазмы крови с диабетом второго типа // Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики. 2021. Т. 21. № 1. С. 52–64. https://doi.org/10.17586/2226-1494-2021-21-1-52-64</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nechiporenko A.P., Nechiporenko U.Yu., Sitnikova V.E. Fourier spectroscopy in blood plasma study with type two diabetes. Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 2021, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 52–64. (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.17586/2226-1494-2021-21-1-52-64</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Усольцев Д.А., Ситникова В.Е., Носенко Т.Н., Олехнович Р.О., Успенская М.В. Сравнение методик расчета вторичной структуры белков на основе деконволюции инфракрасных спектров // Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики. 2019. Т. 19. № 4. С. 586–593. https://doi.org/10.17586/2226-1494-2019-19-4-586-593</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Usoltsev D.A., Sitnikova V.E., Nosenko T.N., Olekhnovich R.O., Uspenskaya M.V. Comparison of protein secondary structure calculation methods based on infrared spectra deconvolution. Scientiﬁc and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 2019, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 586–593. (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.17586/2226-1494-2019-19-4-586-593</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao Z., Wontor K., Cizdziel J.V. Labeling microplastics with fluorescent dyes for detection, recovery, and degradation experiments // Molecules. 2022. V. 27. N 21. P. 7415. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217415</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao Z., Wontor K., Cizdziel J.V. Labeling microplastics with fluorescent dyes for detection, recovery, and degradation experiments. Molecules, 2022, vol. 27, no. 21, pp. 7415. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217415</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
