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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2024-24-3-438-447</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-305</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НОВЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ И НАНОТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ химических взаимодействий при заполнении цезием газовой ячейки квантового магнитометра</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of chemical interactions during filling a cesium vapor cell for a quantum magnetometer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9899-5939</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юльметова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yulmetova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юльметова Ольга Сергеевна — доктор технических наук, начальник сектора; профессор-практики</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197046</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga S. Yulmetova — D.Sc., Head of Sector; Professor of Practice</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197046</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-7653</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербак</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbak</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щербак Александр Григорьевич — доктор технических наук, начальник сектора</p><p>Санкт- Петербург, 197046</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr G. Shcherbak — D.Sc., Head of Sector</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197046</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3973-8201</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Решетняк</surname><given-names>П. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reshetnyak</surname><given-names>P. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Решетняк Полина Евгеньевна — студент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina E. Reshetnyak — Student</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7035-5783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Завитаев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavitaev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Завитаев Александр Сергеевич — инженер-конструктор; аспирант</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197046</p><p>Санкт- Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander S. Zavitaev — Design Engineer</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197046</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6303-0544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевченко Александр Николаевич — заместитель начальника лаборатории</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197046</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Shevchenko — Deputy Head of Laboratory</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197046</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6416-3198</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юльметова</surname><given-names>Р. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yulmetova</surname><given-names>R. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юльметова Ралия Фагимовна — кандидат химических наук, доцент, доцент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raliya F. Yulmetova — PhD (Chemistry), Associate Professor</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Концерн «ЦНИИ «Электроприбор»; Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC; ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Концерн «ЦНИИ «Электроприбор»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Концерн «ЦНИИ «Электроприбор»; Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>438</fpage><lpage>447</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юльметова О.С., Щербак А.Г., Решетняк П.Е., Завитаев А.С., Шевченко А.Н., Юльметова Р.Ф., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юльметова О.С., Щербак А.Г., Решетняк П.Е., Завитаев А.С., Шевченко А.Н., Юльметова Р.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yulmetova O.S., Shcherbak A.G., Reshetnyak P.Е., Zavitaev A.S., Shevchenko A.N., Yulmetova R.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/305">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/305</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Представлены результаты разработки и исследования технологического процесса изготовления сферических газовых ячеек. Подобные ячейки применяются в квантовых приборах, таких как магнитометры, гироскопы и атомные часы. Их работа основана на оптической накачке и детектировании состояния паров щелочных металлов, в частности, цезия. Для увеличения времени жизни спин-поляризации цезия ячейку заполняют буферным инертным газом. Качество изготовления ячейки напрямую влияет на такие характеристики приборов как ширина линий резонансов и достижимое отношение сигнал/шум. Предложенная технология изготовления ячеек позволяет упростить технологический процесс, исключает применение специализированного оборудования, повышает воспроизводимость результатов, связанных с химическими реакциями щелочного металла с посторонними примесями в буферном газе. Это достигается путем детектирования формируемых соединений и их исключения из состава газовой среды ячеек за счет выбора обоснованной последовательности технологических операций в цикле изготовления ячеек. Метод. Применение традиционных методов рентгенофазового анализа связано с необходимостью разгерметизации стеклянной капсулы с цезием и неизбежной реакцией цезия с компонентами воздушной среды. В работе предложена двухэтапная аналитическая оценка состава газовой смеси. На первом этапе определяется термодинамическая разрешенность всех возможных реакций в системе цезий-азот-примесный кислород. На втором этапе сопоставляется цветовая гамма спектров экспериментально полученных продуктов реакций с цветом продуктов термодинамически разрешенных взаимодействий. Основные результаты. Термодинамический анализ на основе двухэтапного подхода позволил выявить формирование субоксидов цезия в газовой ячейке при нагреве в интервале температур 273–700 К. Для их исключения из состава ячейки предложена последовательность операций. Она включает в себя формообразование стеклодувным методом ампулы, имеющей технологическую цилиндрическую часть, и соединенную с ней перетяжкой сферическую ячейку. В технологическую часть ампулы закладывается капсулированный в стеклянную оболочку цезий высокой чистоты, после чего проводится вакуумирование ампулы. После вскрытия капсулы с цезием осуществляется температурная перегонка чистого цезия в сферическую зону. Технологический процесс завершается заполнением ячейки буферным газом, после чего она отпаивается. Обсуждение. Отсутствие нагрева при заполнении азотом существенно упрощает технологический процесс и минимизирует в газовой смеси количество посторонних примесей в виде субоксидов цезия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of the development and research of the technological process for manufacturing spherical vapor cells are presented. Such cells are used in quantum devices, such as magnetometers, gyroscopes, and atomic clocks. Their work is based on optical pumping and detection of the state of alkali metal vapors, in particular cesium. To increase the lifetime of cesium spin polarization in the vapor cell, it is filled with a buffer inert gas. The quality of cell manufacturing directly affects such device characteristics as the width of resonance lines and the achievable signal-to-noise ratio. The proposed cell manufacturing technology simplifies the technological process, eliminates the use of specialized equipment, and increases the reproducibility of results associated with chemical reactions of an alkali metal with foreign impurities in a buffer gas. This is achieved by detecting the formed compounds and excluding them from the composition of the gaseous environment of the cells through the selection of a reasonable sequence of technological operations in the cell manufacturing cycle. The use of traditional methods of X-ray diffraction is associated with the need to depressurize the vapor cell with cesium which leads to the inevitable reaction of cesium with components of the air environment. The work proposes a two-stage analytical assessment of the composition of the gas mixture. At the first stage, the thermodynamic resolution of all possible reactions in the cesium-nitrogen-impurity oxygen system is determined. At the second stage, the color spectrum of the spectra of experimentally obtained reaction products is compared with the color of the products of thermodynamically allowed interactions. Thermodynamic analysis based on a two-stage approach made it possible to identify the formation of cesium suboxides in a vapor cell when it was heated in the temperature range of 273–700 K. To exclude them from the composition of the vapor cell, a sequence of operations was proposed. It involves the formation of an ampoule using the glass blowing method which has a technological cylindrical part and a spherical cell connected to it by a constriction. High purity cesium encapsulated in a glass shell is placed into the technological part of the ampoule, after which the ampoule is evacuated. After opening the capsule with cesium, thermal distillation of pure cesium into a spherical zone takes place. The technological process is completed by filling the cell with buffer gas, after which it is sealed off. The absence of heating during filling a vapor cell with nitrogen significantly simplifies the technological process and minimizes the amount of foreign impurities in the form of cesium suboxides in the gas mixture.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>газовая ячейка</kwd><kwd>цезий</kwd><kwd>субоксиды цезия</kwd><kwd>буферный газ</kwd><kwd>энергия Гиббса</kwd><kwd>химическая термодинамика</kwd><kwd>лазерная спектроскопия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vapor cell</kwd><kwd>cesium</kwd><kwd>cesium suboxides</kwd><kwd>buffer gas</kwd><kwd>Gibbs energy</kwd><kwd>chemical thermodynamics</kwd><kwd>laser spectroscopy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают благодарность А.Г. Михелю за изготовление стеклодувным методом ампул, использованных в экспериментальных исследованиях, М.М. Дементьеву за помощь в организации работ по вакуумированию и заполнению ампул азотом, а также проведению спектральных измерений.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Authors express their gratitude to Michel A.G. for manufacturing ampoules using the glass blowing method, Dementyev M.M. for assistance in vacuamizing and filling ampoules with nitrogen as well as carrying out spectral measurements.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вершовский А.К., Литманович Ю.А., Пазгалев А.С., Пешехонов В.Г. Гироскоп на ядерном магнитном резонансе: предельные характеристики // Гироскопия и навигация. 2018. Т. 26. № 1. С. 55–80. https://doi.org/10.17285/0869-7035.2018.26.1.055-080</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vershovskii A.K., Litmanovich Yu.A., Pazgalev A.S., Peshekhonov V.G. 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