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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2022-22-6-1136-1142</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-330</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метод документирования архитектурных решений вычислительных платформ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A method for documenting architectural solutions of computing platforms</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5419-6422</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбачев</surname><given-names>Я. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbachev</surname><given-names>Y. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горбачев Ярослав Георгиевич – инженер; преподаватель практики</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 199034;</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p><p>sc 57216337562</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yaroslav G. Gorbachev – Engineer; Practice Lecturer</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 199034;</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p><p>sc 57216337562</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yaroslav-go@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО ЛМТ; Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LMT Ltd.; ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1136</fpage><lpage>1142</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горбачев Я.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горбачев Я.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorbachev Y.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/330">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/330</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Предмет исследования</title><p>Предмет исследования. Представлен метод описания вычислительных механизмов и документирования вычислительных платформ. Новизна метода заключается в использовании унифицированных средств для документирования на разных уровнях гранулярности аппаратного, программного и инструментального обеспечения, а также реконфигурируемых (интеллектуальных, адаптивных) компонент. Метод позволяет представлять в понятном виде вычислительные системы с нестандартными архитектурными решениями.</p></sec><sec><title>Метод</title><p>Метод. Предложенный метод заключается в описании идеальной модели вычислительной платформы с ее последующей итеративной детализацией. Особенность метода – наличие единого для различных систем ядра, которое используется для упрощения описаний и структурирования информации. Ядро включает в себя универсальные элементы и создано на основе анализа большого количества архитектур вычислительных систем. Основные результаты. С использованием предложенного метода описаны принципы организации широкого спектра вычислительных платформ. Рассмотрены следующие платформы: обобщенные процессоры с классической архитектурой, которая является развитием принципов фон-Неймана; программно-аппаратные системы на базе микроконтроллеров; операционные системы общего назначения; крупногранулярные и мелкогранулярные реконфигурируемые вычислительные системы; специализированные процессоры и ускорители; искусственные нейронные сети.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость. Предложенный метод может быть использован для структурирования информации как по традиционным, так и по активно развивающимся направлениям: реконфигурируемым вычислительным системам и специализированным процессорам. На основе метода создана общая база универсальных вычислительных механизмов, пригодных для использования в разных узлах системы, для объектов разной гранулярности программными, аппаратными и иными средствами, на разной элементной базе. Результаты работы могут быть полезны системным архитекторам для документирования сложных вычислительных компонент, состоящих из программных, аппаратных и прочих механизмов. Метод направлен на упрощение повторного использования вычислительных механизмов и призван облегчить генерацию новых архитектурных решений. Также метод может быть полезен при обучении профильных специалистов, поскольку позволяет демонстрировать основные принципы вычислительной техники.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article describes a method for documenting the principles of functioning and internal organization of computing platforms, including reconfigurable computing systems and non-standard processor architectures. The novelty is in using of unified tools to describe: the design process and the computing process, hardware, software and tools, computing components of different granularity. The proposed approach is to describe computing platform as an ideal model that represents abstract algorithms for fulfilling functional requirements without specifying of how to implement it. Then the iterative model refinement follows including selection of physical implementation options, specifying the technological stacks, and additional mechanisms that provide the specified system qualities. A feature of the method is a kernel used for structuring information, classifying and describing the computational mechanisms the system consists of. The kernel includes elements common for different systems and is based on the analysis of a large number of computing architectures. The method describes the principles of the organization of platforms which are usually not considered together. These are: generalized processors with classical architecture which is an evolution of the von Neumann principles; systems based on microcontrollers; operating systems; large- and small-granular reconfigurable systems; specialized processors and accelerators; artificial neural networks. The proposed method can be used to structure information in both traditional and rapidly developing areas: reconfigurable systems and specialized processors. Based on the method, it is possible to create a common database of computing mechanisms suitable for use in different functional units of the system and at different levels of granularity. The results of the work can be useful for system architects to describe complex computing mechanisms consisting of software, hardware and dynamically generated adaptive «intelligent» components which will simplify their reuse and can be used to generate new architectural solutions. Also, the proposed method can be used in the process of training specialists, for a visual demonstration of the basic principles of computer technology.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>архитектура вычислительной системы</kwd><kwd>архитектурное описание</kwd><kwd>вычислительная платформа</kwd><kwd>вычислительный механизм</kwd><kwd>реконфигурируемая система</kwd><kwd>динамическая реконфигурация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>architecture</kwd><kwd>architectural description</kwd><kwd>computing systems</kwd><kwd>computing mechanisms</kwd><kwd>reconfigurable systems</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chattopadhyay A. Ingredients of adaptability: A survey of reconfigurable processors // VLSI Design. 2013. P. 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/683615</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chattopadhyay A. 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