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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2022-22-6-1226-1236</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-370</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ И КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MODELING AND SIMULATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Математическое и компьютерное моделирование однорядных и двухрядных шестилопастных винтокольцевых движителей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and simulation of one- and two-row six-bladed ducted fans</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1955-4313</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дудников</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudnikov</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дудников Сергей Юрьевич – кандидат физико-математических наук, директор</p><p>Cевастополь, 299053</p><p>sc 23992474600</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey Yu. Dudnikov – PhD (Physics &amp; Mathematics), Director</p><p>Sevastopol, 299053</p><p>sc 23992474600</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sydudnikov@sevsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-673X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булат</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulat</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Булат Михаил Павлович – кандидат технических наук; старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Cевастополь, 299053;</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 190005</p><p>sc 55973496000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail P. Bulat – PhD, Senior Reseacher</p><p>Sevastopol, 299053;</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 190005</p><p>sc 55973496000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bulat_mh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-1822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вокин</surname><given-names>Л. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vokin</surname><given-names>L. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вокин Леонид Олегович – младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Cевастополь, 299053;</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 190005</p><p>sc 57222385381</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid O. Vokin – Junior Reseacher</p><p>Sevastopol, 299053;</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 190005</p><p>sc 57222385381</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leonidvokin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1732-922X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>П. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>P. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецов Павел Николаевич – кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Cевастополь, 299053</p><p>sc 57206301213</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel N. Kuznetsov – PhD, Senior Reseacher</p><p>Sevastopol, 299053</p><p>sc 57206301213</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">PNKuznetsov@sevsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1433-4194</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернышов</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyshov</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чернышов Павел Сергеевич – младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 190005</p><p>sc 57215086432</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel S. Chernyshov – Junior Researcher</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 190005</p><p>sc 57215086432</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pashachp8@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Севастопольский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sevastopol State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Севастопольский государственный университет; Балтийский государственный технический университет «ВОЕНМЕХ» им. Д.Ф. Устинова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sevastopol State University; Baltic State Technical University «VOENMEH» named after D.F. Ustinov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Балтийский государственный технический университет «ВОЕНМЕХ» им. Д.Ф. Устинова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baltic State Technical University «VOENMEH» named after D.F. Ustinov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1226</fpage><lpage>1236</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дудников С.Ю., Булат М.П., Вокин Л.О., Кузнецов П.Н., Чернышов П.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дудников С.Ю., Булат М.П., Вокин Л.О., Кузнецов П.Н., Чернышов П.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dudnikov S.Y., Bulat M.P., Vokin L.O., Kuznetsov P.N., Chernyshov P.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/370">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/370</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Предмет исследования</title><p>Предмет исследования. Рассмотрена проблема компьютерного моделирования эффективных движителей типа винт в кольце. По опыту применения в рулевых фенестронах вертолетов спаренных лопастей известно, что такая конфигурация создает меньше шума по сравнению с равномерным расположением лопастей по окружности. Однако поток за таким винтом менее равномерный, чем у обычного винта в кольце. Для беспилотных воздушных судов мультикоптерного типа и аэротакси ключевой проблемой является полет на режимах взлета и посадки, а также акустические и вихревые поля, создаваемые движителями на данных режимах. Снижение уровня шума у движителей со спаренными лопастями потенциально может сопровождаться усилением нестационарных вихревых воздействий на летательный аппарат, а также снижением удельной тяги. В данной работе предложена методика численного моделирования винтокольцевых движителей на режиме взлета и посадки, определении оптимального угла между лопастями, а также в сравнении винтокольцевого движителя со спаренными Х-образными лопастями с обычными винтами. Метод. Расчет турбулентных течений выполнен с использованием нестационарных осредненных по Рейнольдсу уравнений Навье–Стокса с привлечением модели Shear Stress Transport (SST) модели турбулентности и моделирования крупных вихрей с применением модели подсеточной вязкости WALE (Wall-Adapting Local Eddy-viscosity). В расчетах использована модификация γ–Reθ Transition SST модели турбулентности Лэнгтри−Ментера, в которой имеются соотношения для критерия перемежаемости. Это позволило учесть ламинарно-турбулентный переход и появление тонких ламинарных отрывных пузырей, влияющих как на тягу винта, так и на неравномерность течения за ним. Тестирование проведено на четырехлопастных винтокольцевых движителях по известным результатам эталонных экспериментов Центрального аэрогидродинамического института имени профессора Н.Е. Жуковского.</p></sec><sec><title>Основные результаты</title><p>Основные результаты. Тестирование γ–Reθ Transition Shear Stress Transport (tSST) модели турбулентности Лэнгтри−Ментера показало, что она лучше стандартной SST-модели воспроизводит зависимость коэффициентов тяги и мощности от угла установки лопастей. Расчеты показали наличие четко выраженного оптимума по углу между спаренными лопастями. Выполненное сравнение трехлопастного, шестилопастного одинарного и шестилопастного со сдвоенными лопастями винтокольцевых движителей подтвердило, что последний вариант имеет несколько лучшие характеристики тяги и создает существенно меньший уровень шума на местности. Практическая значимость. Исследованные характеристики винтокольцевого движителя продемонстрировали перспективы применения винтов со сдвоенными лопастями в воздушных судах с вертикальным взлетом и посадкой. Отработанная численная методика может быть непосредственно использована для промышленных расчетов винтов и вентиляторов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problem of simulation of efficient ducted fan type propulsors is considered. From experience of operation of twin blades in fantails of helicopters, it is known that this configuration creates less noise compared to a uniform arrangement of the blades around the circumference. However, the flow behind such fan is less uniform than that of a conventional ducted fan. For multicopter-type unmanned aircraft and air taxis, the key problem is flight in take-off and landing modes as well as acoustic and vortex fields created by propulsors in these modes. The decrease in the noise level in propellers with twin blades can potentially be accompanied by an increase in non-stationary vortex effects on the aircraft as well as a decrease in specific thrust. The objectives were to develop a method for simulation of ducted fan propellers in the takeoff and landing mode, to determine the optimal angle between the blades, and to compare a ducted fan with twin X-shaped blades to conventional blade position. Turbulent flows were calculated using transient Reynold-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, complemented by SST turbulence model, and large eddy simulation with WALE subgrid viscosity model. The calculations used the modification γ–Reθ Transition SST of the Langtry-Menter turbulence model, where there are relations for the intermittency criterion, which made it possible to consider the laminar-turbulent transition and the appearance of thin laminar separation bubbles that affect both the thrust of the propeller and the nonuniformity of the flow behind it. Testing was carried out on four-bladed propellers according to the known results of the TsAGI reference experiments. Testing of the γ–Reθ Transition SST Langtry-Menter turbulence model showed that it reproduces the dependence of the thrust coefficient and power factor on the blade angle better than the standard SST model. Calculations have shown that there is a clearly defined optimum angle between the paired blades. A comparison of three-bladed, six-bladed single and six-bladed propellers with twin blades showed that the latter option has slightly better thrust characteristics and creates a significantly lower noise level on the ground. The studied characteristics of ducted fans demonstrate the prospects for the use of propellers with twin blades in aircraft with vertical takeoff and landing. The developed numerical method can be directly used for industrial calculations of propellers and fans.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>беспилотный летательный аппарат</kwd><kwd>беспилотное воздушное судно</kwd><kwd>винтокольцовой движитель</kwd><kwd>математическое и компьютерное моделирование</kwd><kwd>оптимизация</kwd><kwd>фенестрон</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>unmanned aerial vehicle</kwd><kwd>unmanned aircraft</kwd><kwd>ducted fan</kwd><kwd>modeling and simulation</kwd><kwd>optimization</kwd><kwd>fenestron</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации в ходе реализации проекта «Фундаментальные основы механики, систем контроля и управления беспилотных авиационных систем с формообразующими конструкциями, глубоко интегрированными с силовыми установками, и уникальными свойствами, не применяемыми сегодня в пилотируемой авиации», № FEFM-2020-0001.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in the course of the project «Fundamental bases of mechanics, control and management systems for unmanned aircraft systems with shaping structures deeply integrated with propulsion systems and unique properties not used today in manned aviation», № FEFM-2020-0001.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chovancová A., Fico T., Chovanec L., Hubinský P. 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