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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2024-24-6-962-971</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-402</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение марковских цепей Монте-Карло и машинного обучения для поиска активного модуля в биологических графах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of Markov chain Monte Carlo and machine learning for identifying active modules in biological graphs</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8072-310X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усольцев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usoltsev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Усольцев Дмитрий Андреевич - аспирант, Санкт-Петербург, 197101;</p><p>старший научный сотрудник, Детская больница Нейшенвайд, Колумбус, 43205</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii A. Usoltsev - PhD Student, Saint Petersburg, 197101;</p><p>Senior Researcher, Columbus, 43205</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dusoltsev.27@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3566-0160</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молотков</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Molotkov</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Молотков Иван Игоревич - старший научный сотрудник, Детская больница Нейшенвайд, Колумбус, 43205;</p><p>аспирант, Колумбус, 43210</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan I. Molotkov - Senior Researcher, Columbus, 43205;</p><p>PhD Student, Columbus, 43210</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivan.molotkov@nationwidechildrens.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5282-8764</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемов</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artomov</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артемов Никита Николаевич - кандидат химических наук, доцент, главный исследователь, Детская больница Нейшенвайд, Колумбус, 43205;</p><p>профессор, Колумбус, 43210</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mykyta N. Artomov - PhD (Chemistry), Associate Professor, Chief Researcher, Columbus, 43205;</p><p>Professor, Columbus, 43210</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artomov@nationwidechildrens.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1159-7220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергушичев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergushichev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергушичев Алексей Александрович - кандидат технических наук, доцент, </p><p>Сент-Луис, 63110</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Sergushichev - PhD, Associate Professor, </p><p>St. Louis, 63110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asergushichev@wustl.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2723-2077</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шалыто</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalyto</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шалыто Анатолий Абрамович - доктор технических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, профессор,</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly A. Shalyto - D.Sc., Full Professor, Chief Researcher,</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anatoly.shalyto@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО;&#13;
Институт геномной медицины</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University;&#13;
Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Chldren’s Hospital</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт геномной медицины;&#13;
Медицинский колледж Университета штата Огайо</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Chldren’s Hospital;&#13;
The Ohio State University College of Medicine</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Вашингтона в Сент-Луисе</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>962</fpage><lpage>971</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Усольцев Д.А., Молотков И.И., Артемов Н.Н., Сергушичев А.А., Шалыто А.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Усольцев Д.А., Молотков И.И., Артемов Н.Н., Сергушичев А.А., Шалыто А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Usoltsev D.A., Molotkov I.I., Artomov M.N., Sergushichev A.A., Shalyto A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/402">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/402</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В биологии информация о взаимодействии изучаемых белков или генов может быть представлена в виде биологического графа. Связный подграф, вершины которого выполняют общую биологическую функцию, называется активным модулем. Марковская цепь Монте-Карло (MCMC) — эффективный алгоритм для идентификации активного модуля в биологических графах. В контексте белок-белковых взаимодействий точное нахождение активного модуля позволяет определить, какое нарушение белковой функции приводит к возникновению определенных изменений (например, болезни) в биологической системе (клетке/организме). Показано, что применение MCMC совместно с обучением моделей, учитывающих топологию графа, обеспечивает более высокую точность определения активного модуля.</p></sec><sec><title>Метод</title><p>Метод. В работе независимо используется граф белок-белковых взаимодействий (InWebIM) и сеть функциональных ассоциаций между генами GeneMANIA для обучения модели и сравнения с известным методом на основе MCMC. В качестве методов поиска активного модуля использовалась комбинация из MCMC и метода машинного обучения — градиентного бустинга — xgboost.</p></sec><sec><title>Основные результаты</title><p>Основные результаты. Совместное применение метода на основе MCMC и xgboost повышает точность нахождения активного модуля по сравнению с методом на основе MCMC на симулированных данных.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Повышение точности поиска активного модуля имеет важное значение для исследования биологических механизмов заболеваний и обнаружения отдельных белков, функционально связанных с возникновением заболеваний.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In biology, information about interactions between the proteins or genes under study can be represented as a biological graph. A connected subgraph, whose vertices perform a common biological function, is called an active module. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is an effective method for identifying active modules in biological graphs. In the context of protein-protein interactions, accurately identifying the active module allows for determining which protein function disruption leads to certain changes (e.g., diseases) in a biological system (cell/organism). This study demonstrates that applying MCMC in combination with models (that take graph topology into account) provides higher accuracy in identifying the active module. This study independently utilizes a protein-protein interaction graph (InWebIM) and the GeneMANIA functional association network for training the model and comparing it with the known MCMC-based method. To search for the active module, a combination of MCMC and a machine learning method, gradient boosting (xgboost), was employed. The combined use of the MCMC-based method and gradient boosting improves the accuracy of active module identification compared to the MCMC-based method alone on simulated data. Improving the accuracy of active module identification is crucial for studying the biological mechanisms of diseases and discovering individual proteins functionally associated with the development of diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>графы</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>белковые сети</kwd><kwd>MCMC</kwd><kwd>активный модуль</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>graphs</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>protein networks</kwd><kwd>MCMC</kwd><kwd>active module</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huber W., Carey V.J., Long L., Falcon S., Gentleman R. Graphs in molecular biology // BMC Bioinformatics. 2007. V. 8. Suppl. 6. P. 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