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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2025-25-1-23-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-417</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОПТИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPTICAL ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прямая лазерная термохимическая запись на пленках титана для создания растрированных изображений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Direct laser thermochemical writing on titanium films for rasterized images creation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7911-7085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пивоваров</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pivovarov</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пивоваров Артем Дмитриевич — студент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem D. Pivovarov — Student</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvwvwv@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3642-2913</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усынина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usynina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Усынина Екатерина Викторовна — студент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Usynina — Student</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kattyuus@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6274-1491</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синев Дмитрий Андреевич — кандидат технических наук, доцент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Sinev — PhD, Associate Professor</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sinev@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пивоваров А.Д., Усынина Е.В., Синев Д.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пивоваров А.Д., Усынина Е.В., Синев Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pivovarov A.D., Usynina E.V., Sinev D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/417">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/417</self-uri><abstract><p>Формирование полутоновых фотошаблонов является сложной технической задачей, которая в ряде случаев может быть решена за счет растрирования. Cуществующие работы в области прямой лазерной термохимической записи показывают возможности формирования локальных областей прозрачности в результате окисления тонких пленок металлов, но итоговый контраст коэффициента пропускания получаемой структуры оказывается сложно прогнозируемым в связи с комплексностью влияющих факторов. В настоящей работе предлагается экспериментальный подход к объединению методов полутоновой термохимической записи и фоторастрирования для создания структур с управляемой прозрачностью на пленках титана, которые могут составить основу для записи топологий растрированных фотошаблонов. Метод. В качестве образцов использованы тонкие (20–40 нм) пленки титана, воздействие на которые осуществлялось с помощью технологического комплекса «МиниМаркер-2» на базе волоконного иттербиевого лазера. Прямая запись сканирующим сфокусированным пучком выполнена с использованием встроенной системы гальванометрических сканаторов. Анализ оптических и геометрических характеристик записанных структур проведен с применением оптического микроскопа. Экспериментально определенные режимы записи подтверждены проведенным численно-аналитическим моделированием температурных режимов. Основные результаты. Показано, что формирование контрастных структур происходит в диапазонах плотностей мощности 15–140 МВт/м2 при сканировании со скоростями от 0,1 до 1 мм/с, а изменение контрастности структур достигается при плотностях мощности 50–90 МВт/м2. Контраст коэффициента пропускания записанных структур относительно исходного значения прозрачности пленки управляемо варьируется от 1 до 40 %. В ряде режимов выявлено формирование периодических структур с периодом порядка 0,71 мкм, приводящих к дифракционным эффектам, наблюдаемым в отраженном свете. Обсуждение. Получены теоретически смоделированные и экспериментально подтвержденные режимы записи структур при воздействии излучения наносекундной длительности. Показано, что варьирование параметров воздействия позволяет локализовать области окисления, что приводит к изменению контраста интенсивности проходящего света и позволяет создавать полутоновые растрированные изображения с заданными значениями градации серого в проходящем свете. Практическая значимость полученных результатов показана на примере записи оптического элемента типа полутонового растрированного фотошаблона с заданной геометрией и значениями контраста.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Creating greyscale photomasks is an uncommon technical problem which in some cases can be solved by rasterization. At the same time, existing works on the direct laser thermochemical recording show the possibility of forming local areas of transparency as a result of oxidation of thin metal films, but the final contrast of the transmittance coefficient of the resulting structure turns out to be difficult to predict due to the complexity of the web of influencing factors. In the present work, we propose an experimental approach to combining the methods of greyscale thermochemical recording and rasterizing by creating structures with controlled transparency on titanium films which can form the basis for recording topologies of rasterized photomasks. The samples used in this study were thin (20–40 nm) titanium films which were treated using the Minimarker-2 technological complex based on a fiber ytterbium laser. Direct recording with a scanning focused beam was performed using a built-in system of galvanometric scanners. The optical and geometric characteristics of the recorded structures were analyzed using an optical microscope. The experimentally determined recording modes were confirmed by semi-analytical temperature modeling. It is shown that the formation of contrast structures occurs in the ranges of power densities about 15–140 MW/m2 when scanning at speeds from 0.1 to 1 mm/s, and the change in the contrast of the structures is achieved at power densities of about 50–90 MW/m2. The contrast of the transmission coefficient of the recorded structures relative to the initial value of the film transparency is controlled to vary from 1 to 40 %. In a number of regimes, the formation of periodic structures with a period of about 0.71 μm was revealed, leading to diffraction effects observed in reflected light. The paper presents theoretically modeled and experimentally confirmed modes of recording structures under the influence of nanosecond radiation. It is shown that varying the parameters of the effect allows localizing oxidation regions, which leads to a change in the contrast of the transmitted light and allows creating halftone rasterized images with specified values of grayscale in the transmitted light. The practical significance of the obtained results is demonstrated by the example of recording an optical element such as a halftone rasterized photomask with a specified geometry and contrast values.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>растрированные фотошаблоны</kwd><kwd>тонкие пленки титана</kwd><kwd>лазерная термохимическая запись</kwd><kwd>дифракционная оптика</kwd><kwd>лазерная литография</kwd><kwd>лазерно-индуцированное окисление</kwd><kwd>лазерно-индуцированные поверхностные периодические структуры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rasterized photomasks</kwd><kwd>thin titanium films</kwd><kwd>laser thermochemical recording</kwd><kwd>diffractive optics</kwd><kwd>laser lithography</kwd><kwd>laserinduced oxidation</kwd><kwd>laser-induced periodic surface structures</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-79-10230, https://rscf.ru/project/24-79-10230/. Авторы благодарят аспиранта Института лазерных технологий Университета ИТМО Ибрахима Косая за помощь в проведении экспериментов.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Research was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 24-79-10230, https://rscf.ru/en/project/24-79-10230/. Authors thank ILT PhD student Ibrahim Qosai for helping with experiments.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванов С.А., Доан Ван Бак, Игнатьев А.И., Никоноров Н.В. Особенности записи наложенных голограмм в фото-термо-рефрактивном стекле // Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики. 2016. Т. 16. № 3. С. 428–435. https://doi.org/10.17586/2226-1494-2016-16-3-428-435</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov S.A., Doan Van Bac, Ignatiev A.I ., Nikonorov N.V. 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