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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2025-25-1-95-105</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-425</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Алгоритм планирования многомерных траекторий  для слайсера 5D-принтера</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Multidimensional trajectory planning algorithm for a 5D printer slicer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4061-1407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьев</surname><given-names>М. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanasiev</surname><given-names>M. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Афанасьев Максим Яковлевич — кандидат технических наук, доцент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim Ya. Afanasiev — PhD, Associate Professor</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">higonokami@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0787-5573</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьев</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovev</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соловьев Михаил Романович — программист</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 194021</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Michael R. Solovev — Software Developer</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 194021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">onisoris@niuitmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5822-6702</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крылова Анастасия Андреевна — кандидат технических наук, преподаватель; программист</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197110</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiia A. Krylova — PhD, Lecturer; Software Developer</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ananasn94@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5412-7723</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шорохов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shorokhov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шорохов Сергей Александрович — ассистент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Shorokhov — Assistant</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stratumxspb@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1869-0081</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федосов</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedosov</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федосов Юрий Валерьевич — кандидат технических наук, заведующий лабораторией; инженер</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 199048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri V. Fedosov — PhD, Head of Laboratory; Engineer</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 199048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yf01@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГК «Геоскан»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Geoscan Corporate Group</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО; ЗАО «Биоград»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University; JSC “Biograd”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО; ОАО «Российский институт мощного радиостроения»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University; JSC “Russian Institute for Power Radiobuilding”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Афанасьев М.Я., Соловьев М.Р., Крылова А.А., Шорохов С.А., Федосов Ю.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Афанасьев М.Я., Соловьев М.Р., Крылова А.А., Шорохов С.А., Федосов Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Afanasiev M.Y., Solovev M.R., Krylova A.A., Shorokhov S.A., Fedosov Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/425">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/425</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлен алгоритм планирования многомерных траекторий для 5D-принтера. Метод направлен на решение проблем, возникающих при традиционной трехмерной (3D) печати. Стандартные методы 3D-печати с использованием послойного наплавления материала приводят к анизотропии механических свойств, в результате чего прочность изготавливаемого объекта зависит от направления нанесения слоев. Это ограничивает возможности для создания равнопрочных изделий сложной геометрии. Предлагаемый алгоритм позволит достичь равномерного распределения прочностных характеристик объекта за счет оптимизации траекторий печати. Метод. Алгоритм основан на построении траекторий с использованием сферических спиральных слоев. Предлагаемое решение учитывает изменяющиеся параметры печати, такие как высота слоя и толщина линии. Алгоритм адаптируется под различные геометрические формы объекта. Основной особенностью методики является обеспечение изотропии свойств изделия за счет равномерного распределения материала по траекториям. Также алгоритм включает построение нормалей в каждой точке кривой для точного задания направления движения печатающей головки. Используемый подход позволяет избежать стандартных ограничений, характерных для 3D-печати. Основные результаты. Алгоритм протестирован на моделях, имеющих простые и сложные геометрические формы с высоким уровнем кривизны. В ходе компьютерного моделирования проведены эксперименты с различными значениями высоты слоя и толщины линии. Результаты экспериментов позволили оценить влияние этих параметров. Алгоритм продемонстрировал высокую сходимость при разных значениях входных параметров, обеспечивая точное выполнение траекторий независимо от начальных условий. Была выполнена визуализация траекторий и нормалей, что подтвердило правильность направления печати и равномерное нанесение материала. Для удобства дальнейшей работы разработан промежуточный формат представления траекторий, который легко преобразуется в G-коды. Это позволяет подготовить данные для натурных экспериментов, которые будут проведены для оценки эффективности алгоритма в реальных условиях печати. Обсуждение. Алгоритм планирования многомерных траекторий открывает новые возможности для аддитивного производства и позволяет создавать сложные объекты с улучшенными механическими свойствами без необходимости в проектировании дополнительных конструктивных элементов для повышения прочности. Предложенный метод может найти применение в авиастроении, автомобилестроении и медицине, где важны как сложные геометрические формы, так и высокая прочность изделий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents a trajectory planning algorithm for a 5D printer to solve problems that arise in traditional 3D printing. Standard 3D printing methods using layer-by-layer material deposition lead to anisotropy of mechanical properties, where the object strength depends on the direction of the layer application. This limits the ability to create isotropic[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>]strength parts, especially those with complex geometry. The goal of the study is to develop an algorithm that enables uniform distribution of the mechanical properties of the object by optimizing the printing trajectories. The proposed algorithm is based on constructing trajectories using spherical spiral layers. The algorithm considers changing printing parameters, such as layer height and line thickness, and adapts to various geometric shapes of the object. A key feature is ensuring isotropy of the part properties by evenly distributing the material along the trajectories. The algorithm also includes the construction of normals at each point of the curve to accurately direct the movement of the printing head. This approach avoids the standard limitations typical of 3D printing. The algorithm was tested on various models, including simple and complex geometric shapes with high curvature. During computer modeling, experiments were conducted with different layer heights and line thicknesses, which allowed for the assessment of the influence of these parameters. The algorithm demonstrated high convergence under various input conditions, ensuring accurate trajectory execution regardless of initial parameters. The trajectories and normals were visualized, confirming the correct print direction and even material deposition. For further work convenience, an intermediate trajectory representation format was developed which is easily converted into G-codes. This allows data to be prepared for future physical experiments that will be conducted to assess the algorithm effectiveness in real printing conditions. The multidimensional trajectory planning algorithm opens up new possibilities for additive manufacturing, enabling the creation of complex objects with improved mechanical properties without the need for additional supports. The practical significance of the algorithm lies in its application in areas, such as aerospace, automotive, and medicine, where both complex geometric shapes and high part strength are important. Further research may focus on expanding the algorithm capabilities to work with various materials and adjusting printing parameters to improve the performance and quality of printed parts.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>5D-печать</kwd><kwd>многомерные траектории</kwd><kwd>алгоритм нарезки</kwd><kwd>аддитивное производство</kwd><kwd>планирование траектории</kwd><kwd>оптимизация программ ЧПУ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>5D printing</kwd><kwd>multidimensional trajectories</kwd><kwd>slicing algorithm</kwd><kwd>additive manufacturing</kwd><kwd>trajectory planning</kwd><kwd>CNC path  optimization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yigit I.E., Lazoglu I. Spherical slicing method and its application on robotic additive manufacturing // Progress in Additive Manufacturing. 2020. V. 5. N 4. 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