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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2025-25-1-160-168</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-431</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ И КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MODELING AND SIMULATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Построение согласованной функции расстояния  для простого марковского канала</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Construction of matched distance function for simple Markov channel</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3792-9249</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вересова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Veresova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вересова Алина Максимовна — младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 190008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina M. Veresova — Junior Researcher</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 190008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amveresova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8523-9429</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овчинников</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovchinnikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Овчинников Андрей Анатольевич — кандидат технических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 190008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei A. Ovchinnikov — PhD, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 190008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.ovchinnikov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>160</fpage><lpage>168</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вересова А.М., Овчинников А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вересова А.М., Овчинников А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Veresova A.M., Ovchinnikov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/431">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/431</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Проблема исправления ошибок в канале связи может быть решена определением наиболее вероятного вектора ошибок в канале. При этом в ряде случаев решается эквивалентная задача нахождения вектора минимального веса. Это требует введения функции расстояния, согласованной с каналом связи. В классической теории кодирования традиционно используются метрики Хэмминга и Евклида, в то время как для многих каналов связи согласованные с ними функции расстояния неизвестны. Построение таких функций может снизить вероятность ошибки декодирования и является актуальной задачей. В данной работе предложено решение проблемы разработки функции декодирования, совпадающей с декодированием по максимуму правдоподобия в простом марковском канале. Метод. Выполнен анализ вероятностей векторов в простом марковском канале. Разработанная функция расстояния представлена как сумма набора коэффициентов, зависящих от параметров канала. Предложен способ вычисления коэффициентов, при которых функция является согласованной с каналом. Рассмотрено несколько аппроксимаций для случая, когда параметры канала неизвестны или известны неточно. На примере сверточного кодирования экспериментально оценено влияние предложенной функции и ее аппроксимаций на вероятность ошибки. Основные результаты. Сформулировано правило, обеспечивающее декодирование по максимуму правдоподобия в простом марковском канале. Предложенная функция расстояния согласована с каналом при любых длинах кодов, в отличие от известных марковских метрик. Рассмотрены вопросы выбора коэффициентов функции декодирующего правила, упрощающие вычисление функции с возможным нарушением согласованности. На основе полученной функции представлена экспериментальная оценка вероятности ошибки по максимуму правдоподобия для сверточного кода в простом марковском канале. Приведена оценка влияния аппроксимации коэффициентов на вероятность ошибки декодирования. Дано сравнение предложенного решения с известным классом марковских метрик. Обсуждение. Проведенные эксперименты показали, что предложенная согласованная функция и ее упрощенный вариант обеспечивают значительное снижение вероятности ошибки по сравнению с метрикой Хэмминга, а также известной марковской метрикой при низких значениях априорной вероятности битовой ошибки. Использование квантований значений функции практически не увеличивает вероятность ошибки декодирования по сравнению с декодированием по максимуму правдоподобия. Метод, основанный на анализе вероятности векторов в канале с двумя состояниями, может быть использован при разработке декодирующих функций для более сложных моделей каналов Гилберта и Гилберта–Эллиотта. Такие функции позволяют повысить надежность передачи сообщений в каналах со сложной структурой шума и обеспечивают декодирование по максимуму правдоподобия в марковском канале, в то время как традиционный подход к декорреляции канала существенно снижает пропускную способность.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problem of error correction in communication channel may be solved by finding the most probable error vector in the channel. The equivalent in some cases problem may be formulated as finding the vector of least weight. To perform this, the distance function is needed matched to communication channel. Hamming and Euclid metrics are traditionally used in classical coding theory, but for many channels the correspondent matched distance functions are unknown. Finding such functions would allow decoding error probability decreasing, and it is actual task. In this paper the problem of decoding function development is solved, providing maximum likelihood decoding in simple Markov channel. Analysis of vectors probability in simple Markov channel is performed. The developed function is presented as sum of coefficients from the set depending on channel parameters. The way of coefficient computation is mentioned, providing matching the function with channel. Some approximations of coefficients are given for the case when channel parameters are unknown or uncertain. Affect of this function and its approximations on error probability is estimated experimentally using convolutional code. The decoding rule is proposed providing maximum likelihood decoding in simple Markov channel. Proposed function is matched with the channel for all code lengths, as opposed to known Markov metrics. The selection of coefficients for the decoding rule function is considered, simplifying computations by cost of possible losing the matching property. Error probability of maximum likelihood decoding using proposed function is estimated experimentally for convolutional code in simple Markov channel. The affect of coefficients approximation on decoding error probability increasing is estimated. The comparison with the class of known Markov metrics is performed. Experiments show that both proposed matched function and its simplifications provide significant gain in decoding error probability comparing to Hamming metric, and comparing to known Markov metric in area of low a priori channel bit error probabilities. Usage of quantized values of proposed function practically does not increase the error probability comparing to maximum likelihood decoding. The method based on analysis of error probability in two-state channels may be used to develop decoding functions for more complex Gilbert and Gilbert–Elliott channel models. Such functions would allow significant increasing in data transmission reliability in channels with complicated noise structure and provide maximum likelihood decoding in Markov channel with memory, instead of traditional approach which uses decorrelation of the channel and significantly reduces capacity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>канал с конечным числом состояний</kwd><kwd>марковские цепи</kwd><kwd>согласованные метрики</kwd><kwd>декодирование по максимуму  правдоподобия</kwd><kwd>правило декодирования</kwd><kwd>алгоритм Витерби</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>finite-state channel</kwd><kwd>Markov chain</kwd><kwd>matched metrics</kwd><kwd>maximum-likelihood decoding</kwd><kwd>decoding rule</kwd><kwd>Viterbi algorithm</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в результате проведения исследования в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований  Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ), лаборатория  Интернета вещей и киберфизических систем НИУ ВШЭ в Санкт-Петербурге.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared within the framework of the Basic Research Program at HSE University, Internet of Things  and Cyber-Physical Systems Laboratory, Saint Petersburg School of Physics, Mathematics, and Computer Science.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крук Е.А. 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