<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2025-25-2-179-189</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-437</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОПТИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPTICAL ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование фазовых превращений окалины углеродистой стали при лазерной очистке наносекундными импульсами в режиме испарения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Investigation of phase transformations of carbon steel scale during laser purification by nanosecond pulses in the evaporation mode</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6814-1737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журба</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhurba</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Журба Данила Владимирович — младший научный сотрудник, ООО «НПП ВОЛО»; аспирант, Университет ИТМО.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 199034, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danila V. Zhurba — Junior Researcher, NPP VOLO LLC, Saint Petersburg; PhD Student, ITMO University.</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 199034, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhurba.danila306@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9919-3106</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журба</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhurba</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Журба Владимир Михайлович — генеральный директор.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург,199034, sc 57076349300</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir M. Zhurba — CEO, NPP VOLO LLC.</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 199034, sc 57076349300</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vlzhurba@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6071-3449</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вейко</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Veiko</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вейко Вадим Павлович — доктор технических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, Университет ИТМО.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101, sc 7005095644</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim P. Veiko — D.Sc., Professor, Chief Researcher, ITMO University.</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101, sc 7005095644</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vadim.veiko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-3410</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панькин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pankin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панькин Дмитрий Васильевич — кандидат физико-математических наук, специалист.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 199034, sc 57190487236</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii V. Pankin — PhD (Physics &amp; Mathematics), Specialist, St. Petersburg State University (SPbSU).</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 199034, sc 57190487236</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitrii.pankin@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3361-6947</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуков</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жуков Михаил Валерьевич — кандидат технических наук, научный сотрудник, Институт аналитического приборостроения РАН.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 198095, sc 55800160700</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Zhukov — PhD, Scientific Researcher, Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAI RAS).</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 198095, sc 55800160700</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cloudjyk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6589-6723</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пуйша</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Puisha</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пуйша Александр Эдуардович — кандидат технических наук, начальник научно-технического отдела, ООО «НПП ВОЛО».</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 199034</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander E. Puisha — PhD, Head of the Scientific and Technical Department, NPP VOLO LLC.</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pujsha@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «НПП ВОЛО»; Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>NPP VOLO LLC; ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «НПП ВОЛО»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>NPP VOLO LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University (SPbSU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт аналитического приборостроения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAI RAS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>179</fpage><lpage>189</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Журба Д.В., Журба В.М., Вейко В.П., Панькин Д.В., Жуков М.В., Пуйша А.Э., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Журба Д.В., Журба В.М., Вейко В.П., Панькин Д.В., Жуков М.В., Пуйша А.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhurba D.V., Zhurba V.M., Veiko V.P., Pankin D.V., Zhukov M.V., Puisha A.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/437">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/437</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Исследованы фазовые превращения, происходящие в окалине при воздействии на нее наносекундными лазерными импульсами. Определен исходный фазовый состав окалины и фазовый состав поверхностного слоя, подвергшегося лазерному воздействию. Обработка поверхности образцов осуществлялась в испарительном режиме лазерного воздействия и приводила к абляции окалины.</p></sec><sec><title>Метод</title><p>Метод. Исследовались две группы образцов из листового горячекатаного проката углеродистой стали марки Ст3 (Е235-С, Fe 360-С). Первая группа состояла из образцов с исходной поверхностью окалины и образцов с механически шлифованной поверхностью. Исследовались фазовый и элементный составы, а также морфологические параметры исходной окалины. Во вторую группу были включены образцы с поверхностью окалины, обработанной наносекундными лазерными импульсами наносекундного иттербиевого волоконного лазера с максимальной средней мощностью 30 Вт. Для сканирования поверхности образцов пучком лазерного излучения применялась двухкоординатная сканирующая система на основе гальваносканеров. Фазовый состав окалины определялся методом спектроскопии комбинационного рассеяния света. Морфологические параметры поверхности и элементный состав образцов исследовались методами сканирующей электронной микроскопии, атомно-силовой микроскопии и энергодисперсионного анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Основные результаты</title><p>Основные результаты. Исследования фазового состава исходной окалины показали, что она состоит в основном из магнетита, при этом вюстит в составе окалины обнаружен не был. Установлено, что при обработке окалины в испарительном режиме в зоне воздействия лазерного импульса формируется кратер, поверхность которого покрыта застывшим расплавом окалины. В расплаве происходит фазовое превращение с образованием вюстита. При застывании расплав растрескивается, что связано с произошедшим фазовым превращением. Показано, что в процессе лазерной очистки испарительному механизму удаления окалины сопутствует фазовое превращение смеси магнетита с металлическим железом в вюстит.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Полученные результаты могут быть положены в основу создания новой высокоэффективной технологии лазерной очистки поверхности стали от окалины.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The phase transformations occurring in scale when exposed to nanosecond laser pulses are investigated. The initial phase composition of the scale and the phase composition of the surface layer exposed to the laser have been determined. The surface treatment of the samples was carried out in the evaporative mode of laser exposure and led to scale ablation. Two groups of samples from hot-rolled carbon steel sheets of the St3 grade (E235, Fe 360) were studied. The first group consisted of samples with an initial scale surface and samples with a mechanically ground surface. Based on these samples, the phase and elemental composition as well as the morphological parameters of the initial scale were studied. The second group includes samples with a scale surface treated with nanosecond laser pulses. A pulsed nanosecond ytterbium fiber laser with a maximum average power of 30 watts was used. A two-coordinate scanning system based on electroplating scanners was used to scan the surface of the samples with a laser beam. The phase composition of the scale was determined by RAMAN spectroscopy. The morphological parameters of the surface and the elemental composition of the samples were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and energy dispersion analysis (EDX). Studies of the phase composition of the initial scale showed that it consists mainly of magnetite, while wustite was not detected in the scale. It has been established that during the processing of scale in the evaporation mode a crater is formed in the area affected by the laser pulse the surface of which is covered with a solidified melt of scale. A phase transformation occurs in the melt with the formation of wustite. Upon solidification, the melt cracks, which is associated with the phase transformation that has occurred. Thus, it is shown that in the process of laser purification, the evaporative mechanism of scale removal is accompanied by a phase transformation of a mixture of magnetite and metallic iron into wustite. The results obtained can be used as a basis for the creation of a new highly efficient technology for laser surface cleaning of steels from scale.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лазерная очистка</kwd><kwd>фазовые превращения окалины</kwd><kwd>термомеханическое разрушение окалины</kwd><kwd>наносекундный волоконный лазер</kwd><kwd>структура прокатной окалины</kwd><kwd>рамановская спектроскопия окалины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>laser purification</kwd><kwd>phase transformations of scale</kwd><kwd>thermomechanical destruction of scale</kwd><kwd>nanosecond fiber laser</kwd><kwd>structure of mill scale</kwd><kwd>Raman spectroscopy of scale</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при научной и технической поддержке ООО «Научно-производственное предприятие Волоконно-Оптического и Лазерного Оборудования» (Российская Федерация). Спектры комбинационного рассеяния света были получены в Ресурсном Центре «Оптические и лазерные методы исследования вещества» Научного парка ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет». Работа выполнена при поддержке СПбГУ, шифр проекта АААА-А19-119082790069-6</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out with the scientific and technical support of NPP VOLO LLC (Russian Federation). The Raman spectra of light were obtained at the Resource Center “Optical and Laser Methods of Substance Research” of the Saint Petersburg State University Science Park. The work was carried out with the support of Saint Petersburg State University; the project code is AAAA-A19-119082790069-6</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang X., Ai R., Yang Q., Wang S., Zhang Y., Meng Y., Ma X. Effect of oxide scale structure on shot-blasting of hot-rolled strip steel // PeerJ Materials Science. 2020. V. 2. P. e 9. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-matsci.9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang X., Ai R., Yang Q., Wang S., Zhang Y., Meng Y., Ma X. Effect of oxide scale structure on shot-blasting of hot-rolled strip steel. PeerJ Materials Science, 2020, vol. 2, pp. e 9. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerjmatsci.9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bin S., Cheng L., Du C.-Y., Zhang J.-K., He Y.-Q., Cao G.-M. Effect of oxide scale microstructure on atmospheric corrosion behavior of hot rolled steel strip // Coatings. 2021. V. 11. N 5. P. 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050517</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bin S., Cheng L., Du C.-Y., Zhang J.-K., He Y.-Q., Cao G.-M. Effect of oxide scale microstructure on atmospheric corrosion behavior of hot rolled steel strip. Coatings, 2021, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050517</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li X., Huang T., Chong A.W., Zhou R., Choo Y.S., Hong M. Laser cleaning of steel structure surface for paint removal and repaint adhesion // Guangdian Gongcheng/Opto-Electronic Engineering. 2017. V. 44. N 3. P. 340–344.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li X., Huang T., Chong A.W., Zhou R., Choo Y.S., Hong M. Laser cleaning of steel structure surface for paint removal and repaint adhesion. Guangdian Gongcheng/Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2017, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 340–344.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kayahan E., Candan L., Aras M., Gundogdu O. Surface cleaning of metals using low power fiber lasers // Acta Physica Polonica A. 2018. V. 134. N 1. P. 371–373. https://doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.134.371</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kayahan E., Candan L., Aras M., Gundogdu O. Surface cleaning of metals using low power fiber lasers. Acta Physica Polonica A, 2018, vol. 134, no. 1, pp. 371–373. https://doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.134.371</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu Y., Yang L., Wang Y., Chen H., Guo B., Tian Z. Paint removal on the 5A06 Aluminum alloy using a continuous wave fiber laser // Coatings. 2019. V. 9. N 8. P. 488. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9080488</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu Y., Yang L., Wang Y., Chen H., Guo B., Tian Z. Paint removal on the 5A06 Aluminum alloy using a continuous wave fiber laser. Coatings, 2019, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 488. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9080488</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kravchenko Y., Klimentov S., Derzhavin S., Mamonov D., Karpov N., Mayorov A. Optimization of laser cleaning conditions using multimode short-pulse radiation // Optical and Quantum Electronics. 2020. V. 52. N 6. P. 280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02399-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kravchenko Y., Klimentov S., Derzhavin S., Mamonov D., Karpov N., Mayorov A. Optimization of laser cleaning conditions using multimode short-pulse radiation. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2020, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02399-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun X., Yu Q., Bai X., Jin G., Cai J., Yuan B. Substrate cleaning threshold for various coated al alloys using a continuous-wave laser // Photonics. 2021. V. 8. N 9. P. 395. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8090395</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun X., Yu Q., Bai X., Jin G., Cai J., Yuan B. Substrate cleaning threshold for various coated al alloys using a continuous-wave laser. Photonics, 2021, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 395. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8090395</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вейко В.П., Смирнов В.Н., Чирков А.М., Шахно Е.А. Лазерная очистка в машиностроении и приборостроении. СПб.: НИУ ИТМО, 2013. 103 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veiko V.P., Smirnov V.N., Chirkov A.M., Shakhno E.A. Laser cleaning in mechanical and instrument engineering. St. Petersburg, NIU ITMO, 2013, 103 p. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veiko V., Samohvalov A., Ageev E. Laser cleaning of engraved rolls coupled with spectroscopic control // Optics and Laser Technologies. 2013. V. 54. P. 170–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2013.05.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veiko V., Samohvalov A., Ageev E. Laser cleaning of engraved rolls coupled with spectroscopic control. Optics and Laser Technologies, 2013, vol. 54, pp. 170–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2013.05.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen G.X., Kwee T.J., Tan K.P., Choo Y.S., Hong M.H. High-power fibre laser cleaning for green shipbuilding // Journal of Laser Micro/ Nanoengineering. 2012. V. 7. N 3. P. 249–253. https://doi.org/10.2961/jlmn.2012.03.0003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen G.X., Kwee T.J., Tan K.P., Choo Y.S., Hong M.H. High-power fibre laser cleaning for green shipbuilding. Journal of Laser Micro/ Nanoengineering, 2012, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 249–253. https://doi.org/10.2961/jlmn.2012.03.0003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deschênes J.M., Fraser A. Empirical study of laser cleaning of rust, paint, and mill scale from steel surfac // Minerals, Metals &amp; Materials Series. 2020. P. 189–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-365561_17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deschênes J.M., Fraser A. Empirical study of laser cleaning of rust, paint, and mill scale from steel surface. Minerals, Metals &amp; Materials Series, 2020, pp. 189–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-365561_17</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вейко В.П., Шахно Е.А. Физические механизмы лазерной очистки поверхности // Известия Российской академии наук. Серия физическая. 2001. Т. 65. № 4. С. 584–587.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veiko V.P., Shakhno E.A. Шахно Е.А. Physical mechanisms of laser cleaning. Izvestiya Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriya fizicheskaya, 2001, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 584–587. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhuang S., Kainuma S., Yang M., Haraguchi M., Asano T. Characterizing corrosion properties of carbon steel affected by highpower laser cleaning // Construction and Building Materials. 2021. V. 274. P. 122085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.122085</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhuang S., Kainuma S., Yang M., Haraguchi M., Asano T. Characterizing corrosion properties of carbon steel affected by highpower laser cleaning. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, vol. 274, pp. 122085. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.122085</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вейко В.П., Мутин Т.Ю., Смирнов В.Н., Шахно Е.А., Батище С.А. Лазерная очистка поверхностей металлов: физические процессы и применение // Известия высших учебных заведений. Приборостроение. 2008. Т. 51. № 4. С. 30–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veiko V.P., Mutin T.Yu., Smirnov V.N., Shakhno E.A., Batishche S.A. Laser clearing of surfaces of metals: physical processes and application. Journal of Instrument Engineering, 2008, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 30–36. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Либенсон М.Н., Яковлев Е.Б., Шандыбина Г.Д. Взаимодействие лазерного излучения с веществом (силовая оптика). Часть 2. Лазерный нагрев и разрушение материалов. Учебное пособие. СПб.: НИУ ИТМО, 2014. 181 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Libenson M.N., Iakovlev E.B., Shandybina G.D. Interaction Between Laser Radiation and Matter (Power Optics). Part 2: Laser Heating and Destruction of Materials. Study guide. St. Petersburg, NIU ITMO, 2014, 181 p. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Журба Д.В., Журба В.М., Вейко В.П., Пуйша А.Э. Исследование процесса лазерной очистки металлопроката от окалины // Фотоника. 2024. Т. 18. № 6. С. 436–449. https://doi.org/10.22184/19937296.FRos.2024.18.6.436.449</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhurba D.V., Zhurba V.M., Veiko V.P., Puisha A.E. Investigation of the process of laser descaling of mill metal. Photonics Russia, 2024, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 436–449. (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.22184/1993-7296.FRos.2024.18.6.436.449</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Журба Д.В. Исследование физических механизмов лазерной очистки поверхности горячекатаного металлопроката от окалины при воздействии непрерывного лазерного излучения с длиной волны 1,06 мкм // XI Конгресс молодых учёных: Сборник научных трудов конгресса. T. 2. СПб.: НИУ ИТМО, 2022. С. 231–233.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhurba D.V. Study of physical mechanisms of laser cleaning of hotrolled metal surface from scale under the influence of continuous laser radiation with a wavelength of 1.06 μm. 11th Congress of Young Scientists: Collection of Scientific Papers. Vol. 2. St. Petersburg, NIU ITMO, 2022, pp. 231–233. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Журба Д.В., Журба В.М., Пуйша А.Э. Лазерная очистка поверхностей конструкций трубопроводного транспорта углеводородов // Бурение и нефть. 2023. № S2. С. 61–67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhurba D.V., Zhurba V.M., Puisha A.E. Laser cleaning of surfaces of structures of pipeline transport of hydrocarbons. Burenie i Neft’, 2023, no. S2, pp. 61–67. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Журба В.М., Журба Д.В., Пуйша А.Э. Способ лазерной очистки металлических поверхностей от окалины. Патент RU2812150C1. Бюл. 2024. № 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhurba D.V., Zhurba V.M., Pujsha A.E. Method for laser cleaning of metal surfaces from scale. Patent RU2812150C1. 2024. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanesch M. Raman spectroscopy of iron oxides and (oxy) hydroxides at low laser power and possible applications in environmental magnetic studies // Geophysical Journal International. 2009. V. 177. N 3. P. 941–948. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04122.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hanesch M. Raman spectroscopy of iron oxides and (oxy) hydroxides at low laser power and possible applications in environmental magnetic studies. Geophysical Journal International, 2009, vol. 177, no. 3, pp. 941–948. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04122.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Faria D.L.A., Venâncio Silva S., de Oliveira M.T. Raman microspectroscopy of some iron oxides and oxyhydroxides // Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. 1997. V. 28. N 11. P. 873–878. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4555(199711)28:11&lt;873::AIDJRS177&gt;3.0.CO;2-B</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Faria D.L.A., Venâncio Silva S., de Oliveira M.T. Raman microspectroscopy of some iron oxides and oxyhydroxides. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 1997, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 873–878. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4555(199711)28:11&lt;873::AIDJRS177&gt;3.0.CO;2-B</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prokuratov D.S., Davtian A.S., Vereshchagin O.S., Kurganov N.S., Samokhvalov A.A., Pankin D.V., Povolotckaia A.V., Shimko A.A., Mikhailova A.A., Somov P.A., Parfenov V.A. Laser cleaning of archaeologically corroded iron objects with inlays // Optical and Quantum Electronics. 2020. V. 52. N. 2. P. 113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-2231-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prokuratov D.S., Davtian A.S., Vereshchagin O.S., Kurganov N.S., Samokhvalov A.A., Pankin D.V., Povolotckaia A.V., Shimko A.A., Mikhailova A.A., Somov P.A., Parfenov V.A. Laser cleaning of archaeologically corroded iron objects with inlays. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2020, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-2231-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veiko V.P., Karlagina Y., Moskvin M., Mikhailovskii V., Odintsova G., Olshin P., Pankin D., Romanov V., Yatsuk R. Metal surface coloration by oxide periodic structures formed with nanosecond laser pulses // Optics and Lasers in Engineering. 2017. V. 96. P. 63–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2017.04.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veiko V.P., Karlagina Y., Moskvin M., Mikhailovskii V., Odintsova G., Olshin P., Pankin D., Romanov V., Yatsuk R. Metal surface coloration by oxide periodic structures formed with nanosecond laser pulses. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2017, vol. 96, pp. 63–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2017.04.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sutton A.T., Kriewall C.S., Leu M.C., Newkirk J.W., Brown B. Characterization of laser spatter and condensate generated during the selective laser melting of 304L stainless steel powder // Additive Manufacturing. 2020. V. 31. P. 100904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2019.100904</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sutton A.T., Kriewall C.S., Leu M.C., Newkirk J.W., Brown B. Characterization of laser spatter and condensate generated during the selective laser melting of 304L stainless steel powder. Additive Manufacturing, 2020, vol. 31, pp. 100904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2019.100904</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sánchez-Tovar R., Leiva-García R., García-Antón J. Characterization of thermal oxide films formed on a duplex stainless steel by means of confocal-Raman microscopy and electrochemical techniques // Thin Solid Films. 2015. V. 576. P. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.12.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sánchez-Tovar R., Leiva-García R., García-Antón J. Characterization of thermal oxide films formed on a duplex stainless steel by means of confocal-Raman microscopy and electrochemical techniques. Thin Solid Films, 2015, vol. 576, pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.12.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Encyclopedia of spectroscopy and spectrometry / ed. by Lindon J.C., Tranter G.E., Koppenaal D. Academic Press, 2016. 3584 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry. Ed. by Lindon J.C., Tranter G.E., Koppenaal D. Academic Press, 2016, 3584 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wiemann J., Fabbri M., Yang T.R., Stein K., Sander P.M., Norell M.A., Briggs D.E.G. Fossilization transforms vertebrate hard tissue proteins into N-heterocyclic polymers // Nature Communications. 2018. V. 9. P. 4741. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07013-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wiemann J., Fabbri M., Yang TR., Stein K, Sander P.M., Norell M.A., Briggs D.E.G. Fossilization transforms vertebrate hard tissue proteins into N-heterocyclic polymers. Nature Communications, 2018, vol. 9, pp. 4741. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07013-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen R., Yuen W. Oxidation of low-carbon, low-silicon mild steel at 450–900°C under conditions relevant to hot-strip processing // Oxidation of Metals. 2002. V. 57. N 1-2. P. 53–79. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013390628475</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen R., Yuen W. Oxidation of low-carbon, low-silicon mild steel at 450–900°C under conditions relevant to hot-strip processing. Oxidation of Metals, 2002, vol. 57, no. 1-2, pp. 53–79. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013390628475</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Rex, Yeun W.Y.D. Review of the High-Temperature Oxidation of Iron and Carbon Steels in Air or Oxygen // Oxidation of Metals. 2003. V. 59. N 5-6 . P. 433 –468. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023685905159</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Rex, Yeun W.Y.D. Review of the High-Temperature Oxidation of Iron and Carbon Steels in Air or Oxygen. Oxidation of Metals, 2003, vol. 59, no. 5-6, pp. 433–468. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023685905159</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тепляков Ю.Н. Распад вюстита, входящего в состав окалины // Вестник Южно-Уральского государственного университета. Серия: Химия. 2009. № 23 (156). C. 36–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teplyakov Yu.N. Disintegration of the wustite, intrance in composition iron oxidation. Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series Chemistry, 2009, no. 23 (156), pp. 36–42. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naipinij S., Sukieum S., Namprai R., Nilsonthi T. Formation of thermal oxide scale and its adhesion to hot-rolled low carbon steels with different final strip thicknesses // E3S Web of Conferences. 2022. V. 355. P. 02008. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235502008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naipinij S., Sukieum S., Namprai R., Nilsonthi T. Formation of thermal oxide scale and its adhesion to hot-rolled low carbon steels with different final strip thicknesses. E3S Web of Conferences, 2022, vol. 355, pp. 02008. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235502008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao G., Wu T., Xu R., Li, Z., Wang F., Liu Z. Effects of coiling temperature and cooling condition on transformation behavior of Tertiary oxide scale // Journal of Iron and Steel Research International. 2015. V. 22. N 10. P. 892–896. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(15)30086-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cao G., Wu T., Xu R., Li, Z., Wang F., Liu Z. Effects of coiling temperature and cooling condition on transformation behavior of Tertiary oxide scale. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, 2015, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 892–896. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006706X(15)30086-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shizukawa Y., Hayashi S., Yoneda S., Kondo Y., Tanei H., Ukai S. Mechanism of magnetite seam formation and its role for FeO scale transformation // Oxidation of Metals. 2016. V. 86. N 3-4. P. 315–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-016-9638-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shizukawa Y., Hayashi S., Yoneda S., Kondo Y., Tanei H., Ukai S. Mechanism of magnetite seam formation and its role for FeO scale transformation. Oxidation of Metals, 2016, vol. 86, no. 3-4, pp. 315–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-016-9638-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi J.W., Choi J.W. Convective heat transfer coefficient for high pressure water jet // ISIJ International. 2002. V. 42. N 3. P. 283–289. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.42.283</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi J.W., Choi J.W. Convective heat transfer coefficient for high pressure water jet. ISIJ International, 2002, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 283–289. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.42.283</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грудев А.П., Зильберг Ю.В., Тилик В.Т. Трение и смазки при обработке металлов давлением: Справочник. М.: Металлургия, 1982. 310 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grudev A.P. Friction and Lubrication in Metal Forming. Handbook. Moscow, Metallurgija, 1982, 310 p. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Devoino O.G., Gorbunov A.V., Lapkovsky A.S., Lutsko N.I., Shpackevitch D.A., Gorbunova V.A., Koval V.A. Data sets formation on the physical properties of oxide scale components for theoretical assessment of efficiency parameters of laser cleaning of carbon steels and related processes //science &amp; Technique. 2024. V. 23. N 3. P. 192–203. https://doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2024-23-3-192-203</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Devoino O.G., Gorbunov A.V., Lapkovsky A.S., Lutsko N.I., Shpackevitch D.A., Gorbunova V.A., Koval V.A. Data sets formation on the physical properties of oxide scale components for theoretical assessment of efficiency parameters of laser cleaning of carbon steels and related processes. Science &amp; Technique, 2024, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 192–203. https://doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2024-23-3-192-203</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liao Y. Practical Electron Microscopy and Database. 2006. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://globalsino.com/EM/page4639. html (дата обращения: 02.12.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liao Y. Practical Electron Microscopy and Database. 2006. Available at: https://globalsino.com/EM/page4639.html (accessed: 02.12.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
