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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2025-25-2-190-198</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-438</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОПТИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPTICAL ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Моделирование нагрева пленки селенида свинца непрерывным лазерным излучением с учетом процесса окисления</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Simulation of lead selenide film heating by CW laser radiation taking into considering oxidation process</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2854-9954</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергеев Максим Михайлович — кандидат технических наук, доцент, Университет ИТМО.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101, sc 55624732300</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim M. Sergeev — PhD, Associate Professor, ITMO University.</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101, sc 55624732300</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maxim.m.sergeev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-984X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пушкарева</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushkareva</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкарева Александра Евгеньевна — кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник, Университет ИТМО.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101, sc 12791000500</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra E. Pushkareva — PhD, Senior Researcher, ITMO University.</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101, sc 12791000500</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aepushkareva@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4571-6461</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хассан</surname><given-names>В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hassan</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хассан Виктория — инженер, Университет ИТМО.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktoria Hassan — Engineer, ITMO University.</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">victoriahas566@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>190</fpage><lpage>198</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сергеев М.М., Пушкарева А.Е., Хассан В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сергеев М.М., Пушкарева А.Е., Хассан В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sergeev M.M., Pushkareva A.E., Hassan V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/438">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/438</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Исследованы особенности нагрева пленки селенида свинца (PbSe) при воздействии непрерывным лазерным излучением с учетом зарождения и увеличения толщины оксидной фазы. Показано, что окисление пленки PbSe приводит к снижению скорости нагревания и падению максимальной температуры за счет уменьшения доли поглощенного лазерного излучения в оксидной фазе. Результаты моделирования, представленные в работе, стали обоснованием ранее полученных экспериментальных результатов. Объяснение механизма лазерного нагревания пленки PbSe впервые позволило определить наиболее эффективную длительность лазерного воздействия, обеспечивающую формирование структур с заданными оптическими характеристиками.</p></sec><sec><title>Метод</title><p>Метод. Исследование выполнено методом аналитического моделирования. Для описания теплового источника использовалось частное решение уравнения теплопроводности. Оптические свойства пленки описывались на основе формул Френеля для отражения и пропускания света. На основании полученных ранее экспериментальных данных создана аналитическая модель, описывающая тепловой источник в пленке с учетом изменения ее оптических свойств за счет формирования слоя оксида PbSe и увеличения его толщины. Основные результаты. Показано, что при воздействии на пленку PbSe непрерывным лазерным излучением с длиной волны 405 нм, вследствие образования слоя оксида, происходит снижение коэффициента экстинкции пленки kf со значения 0,488 до величины 1,62·10–3. При этом показатель преломления пленки nf также снижается со значения 3,532 до 1,925. Коэффициент поглощения пленки на длине волны лазерного излучения за время облучения уменьшается с 0,68 до 0,03. По мере увеличения толщины оксидной фазы от 0 до 600 нм происходит замедление роста температуры в зоне облучения и смещение максимального значения температуры с поверхности к границе пленка–подложка. При воздействии непрерывным лазерным излучением с плотностью мощности около 340 Вт/см2 в течение 9 с максимальная температура пленки не превышает 275 °С.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Полученные результаты могут быть применены при разработке фотодетекторов на основе пленок PbSe для работы в среднем инфракрасном диапазоне спектра. Лазерный отжиг пленки позволяет локально и контролируемо изменять оптические и электрические характеристики пленки PbSe в небольшом диапазоне значений, что влияет на фоточувствительность пленки, используемой в качестве детектора среднего и дальнего инфракрасного излучения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The heating characteristics of a lead selenide (PbSe) film under continuous laser radiation were investigated, accounting for the nucleation and increase in the thickness of an oxide phase layer. It is shown that oxidation of the PbSe film reduces the heating rate and lowers the maximum temperature due to a decrease in the fraction of absorbed laser radiation within the oxide phase. The modeling results presented in this work substantiate earlier experimental findings. For the first time, the explanation of the laser heating mechanism of the PbSe film enabled determining the most effective laser exposure duration to form structures with specified optical characteristics. The study was conducted using analytical modeling. A particular solution of the heat conduction equation was employed to describe the heat source. The optical properties of the film were characterized using Fresnel equations for light reflection and transmission. Based on previously obtained experimental data, an analytical model was developed to describe the heat source in the film, considering changes in its optical properties due to the formation of a lead selenide oxide layer and its increasing thickness. The findings show that, when the PbSe film is exposed to continuous laser radiation with a wavelength of 405 nm, the extinction coefficient of the film, kf, decreases from 0.488 to 1.62∙10–3 due to the formation of an oxide layer. In this case, the refractive index of the film, nf, similarly decreases from 3.532 to 1.925. The film absorption coefficient at the laser wavelength decreases from 0.68 to 0.03 during irradiation. As the thickness of the oxide phase increases from 0 to 600 nm, the temperature growth in the irradiated zone slows down, and the maximum temperature shifts from the surface toward the film-substrate interface. When exposed to continuous laser radiation with a power density of about 340 W/cm2 for 9 s, the maximum film temperature does not exceed 275 °C. The obtained results can be applied in the development of mid-infrared spectrum photo detectors based on PbSe film. Laser annealing of the film allows local and controlled changes in the optical and electrical properties of the PbSe film within a narrow range of values, thereby influencing the photo sensitivity of the film used as a detector for midand far-infrared radiation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>непрерывное лазерное излучение</kwd><kwd>пленка селенида свинца (PbSe)</kwd><kwd>модификация оптических свойств</kwd><kwd>окисление</kwd><kwd>моделирование теплового источника</kwd><kwd>аналитическое моделирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>continuous wave laser</kwd><kwd>laser heating</kwd><kwd>lead selenide (PbSe) films</kwd><kwd>optical properties modification</kwd><kwd>oxidation</kwd><kwd>heat source simulation</kwd><kwd>analytical modeling</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование финансировалось за счет гранта Российского научного фонда и гранта Санкт-Петербургского научного фонда (проект № 23-29-10081)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation grant and a grant from the St. Petersburg Science Foundation (project no. 23-29-10081)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scheer R., Schock H.W. 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