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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2025-25-2-295-302</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-449</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Предобработка траекторий ключевых точек скелета в задаче автоматизации регистрации поведения лабораторных животных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Preprocessing of skeletal keypoints trajectories in the task of laboratory animal behavior recording automation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9469-6618</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краснов</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnov</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснов Дмитрий Игоревич — аспирант.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101, sc 59411982500</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii I. Krasnov — PhD Student.</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101, sc 59411982500</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitriy_krasnov@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1679-4450</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волынский</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volynsky</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волынский Максим Александрович — кандидат технических наук, доцент, директор научно-образовательной лаборатории «Техническое зрение», доцент.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101, sc 23006901100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim A. Volynsky — PhD, Associate Professor, Director (Technical Vision Laboratory), Associate Professor.</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101, sc 23006901100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maxim.volynsky@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2437-8537</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гусев Александр Алексеевич — кандидат технических наук, ведущий инженер.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101, sc 57207731147</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Gusev — PhD, Leading Engineer.</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101, sc 57207731147</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gusew@internet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>295</fpage><lpage>302</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Краснов Д.И., Волынский М.А., Гусев А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Краснов Д.И., Волынский М.А., Гусев А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krasnov D.I., Volynsky M.A., Gusev A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/449">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/449</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Автоматизация регистрации поведения лабораторных животных необходима для упрощения проведения поведенческих тестов в исследованиях в области патофизиологии и реабилитации. Регистрация поведения чаще всего выполняется с помощью анализа траекторий ключевых точек скелета. При этом существующие методы привязаны к конкретному виду животного, выбранным скелетным точкам и набору движений для распознавания. В настоящее время отсутствует математическая формулировка задачи, а алгоритмы фильтрации полученных траекторий недостаточно исследованы. В работе создан набор данных для детекции ключевых точек крыс линии Wistar и выполнена оценка алгоритмов фильтрации траекторий по зашумленным измерениям. При этом в данной задаче важна не только близость отфильтрованной траектории к реальной, но и гладкость полученной кривой.</p></sec><sec><title>Метод</title><p>Метод. В рассмотренной скелетной модели крысы выбраны 13 точек, позволяющих оценить ее поведение по траекториям. Полученный набор данных позволяет обучить сверточную нейронную сеть для детекции ключевых точек скелета. Представлено математическое описание динамики движения точек между кадрами для использования в фильтре Калмана. Проведено сравнение четырех алгоритмов фильтрации по критериям точности и гладкости кривой.</p></sec><sec><title>Основные результаты</title><p>Основные результаты. Разработана методика построения ковариационной матрицы шума детектора по анализу ошибок детекции ключевых точек. Показана применимость фильтра Калмана в задаче оценки траекторий ключевых точек скелета по зашумленным измерениям. Сравнение алгоритмов фильтрации показало, что в данной задаче лучшие результаты показывает Unscented фильтр Калмана с нелинейной моделью и фильтр скользящего среднего.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Полученное математическое описание динамики движения ключевых точек скелета может быть использовано для оценки реальной траектории по зашумленным измерениям. При этом описанные методы применимы не только для лабораторных животных, но и для человека. Результаты оценки нескольких алгоритмов фильтрации могут в дальнейшем облегчить выбор алгоритма для использования в подобных задачах. Предобработка траекторий поможет в будущем уменьшить ошибки классификатора поведения и повысить его точность.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The automation of action recognition in laboratory animals is a crucial step in simplifying behavioral tests in the fields of pathophysiology and rehabilitation research. The most common method of action recognition is to analyze the trajectories of key skeletal points. However, the existing methods are strongly tied to the specific animal species, selected skeletal points, and set of activities to be recognized. Furthermore, there is a dearth of mathematical formulations of this problem and research on algorithms for filtering obtained trajectories. The research task involves the collection of a dataset for key points detection of Wistar rats and evaluation of algorithms for filtering trajectories from noisy measurements. In considered skeletal model of the rat, a total of thirteen points were selected for the purpose of estimating the behavior along trajectories. A mathematical description of the dynamics of point movement between frames for use in a Kalman filter is provided. Four filtering algorithms are evaluated in terms of accuracy and curve smoothness. The technique of constructing the covariance matrix of the detector noise by analyzing the key point detection errors is developed. The comparison of filtering algorithms shows that the Unscented Kalman filter with nonlinear model and moving average filter yield the most optimal results in this task. The findings of this study allow the use of a mathematical description of system dynamics to estimate the actual trajectory from noisy measurements. Furthermore, the described methodologies are not exclusive to laboratory animals, but can also be applied to human subjects.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>компьютерное зрение</kwd><kwd>лабораторные животные</kwd><kwd>классификация поведения</kwd><kwd>анализ траекторий</kwd><kwd>сглаживание траекторий</kwd><kwd>фильтр Калмана</kwd><kwd>фильтр скользящего среднего</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>computer vision</kwd><kwd>laboratory animals</kwd><kwd>behavior classification</kwd><kwd>trajectory analysis</kwd><kwd>trajectory smoothing</kwd><kwd>Kalman filter</kwd><kwd>moving average filter</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают благодарность д.м.н. Алексею Андреевичу Шмонину (Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова) за постановку задачи и предоставление записей видеонаблюдения за поведением крыс.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors are grateful to M.D., D.Sc. (Medicine) Alexey Andreevich Shmonin (First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg) for setting the task and providing video recordings of rats’ behavior</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Friedrich J., Lindauer U., Höllig A. Procedural and methodological quality in preclinical Stroke Research-A Cohort Analysis of the Rat MCAO model comparing periods before and after the publication of STAIR/ARRIVE // Frontiers in Neurology. 2022. V. 13. P. 834003. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.834003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Friedrich J., Lindauer U., Höllig A. 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