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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2025-25-4-663-675</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-491</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение машинного обучения для профилирования устройств Интернета вещей с целью обнаружения вредоносной активности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Leveraging machine learning for profiling IoT devices to identify malicious activities</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2874-6632</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Легкодымов</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Legkodymov</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Даниил Михайлович Легкодымов, студент</p><p>193232; Санкт-Петербург</p><p>sc 59721499100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil M. Legkodymov, Student</p><p>193232; Saint Petersburg</p><p>sc 59721499100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">danillegk65@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1898-6624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левшун</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levshun</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Сергеевич Левшун, кандидат технических наук (Россия), PhD (Франция), старший научный сотрудник</p><p>199178; Санкт-Петербург</p><p>sc 57189306576</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry S. Levshun, PhD (Russia), PhD (France), Senior Researcher</p><p>199178; Saint Petersburg</p><p>sc 57189306576</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">levshun.d@iias.spb.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6859-7120</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котенко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Витальевич Котенко, доктор технических наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки Российской Федерации, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>199178; Санкт-Петербург</p><p>sc 15925268000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Kotenko, D.Sc., Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Chief Researcher</p><p>199178; Saint Petersburg</p><p>sc 15925268000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivkote@comsec.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications (SPbSUT)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский Федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPC RAS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>663</fpage><lpage>675</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Легкодымов Д.М., Левшун Д.С., Котенко И.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Легкодымов Д.М., Левшун Д.С., Котенко И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Legkodymov D.M., Levshun D.S., Kotenko I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/491">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/491</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Введение</title><p>   Введение. Защита устройств Интернета вещей представляет собой актуальную и значимую задачу в условиях постоянного увеличения числа подключенных к сети устройств и нарастающей угрозы кибератак. Одним из ключевых решений данной проблемы является профилирование таких устройств с целью повышения уровня безопасности систем, в которых они функционируют. Применение методов машинного обучения является перспективным подходом к решению подобной задачи. В настоящем исследовании представлен подход к профилированию устройств Интернета вещей, направленный на обнаружение вредоносной активности. Представленное решение позволяет обнаруживать сетевые события, которые могут свидетельствовать о наличии кибератак.</p></sec><sec><title>   Метод</title><p>   Метод. Сущность метода заключается в создании индивидуальных профилей поведения для каждого устройства Интернета вещей с использованием алгоритмов машинного обучения. Профили создаются на основе анализа сетевого трафика. Модели машинного обучения выполняют задачи классификации и обнаружения аномалий. В работе подробно описаны основные этапы предложенного подхода, которые включают процессы сбора и предварительной обработки данных, выбора и обучения моделей, тестирования и оценки эффективности разработанного решения.</p></sec><sec><title>   Основные результаты</title><p>   Основные результаты. В ходе исследования построено 26 профилей устройств на основе набора данных CIC IoT 2022. В исходный набор данных добавлен 21 новый признак. Обновленный набор сбалансирован методами оверсемплинга и андерсемплинга. Для каждого устройства получены сравнительные оценки эффективности моделей Random Forest, XGBoost, CatBoost для задачи обнаружения атак, а также Isolation Forest, Elliptic Envelope, One-Class Support Vector Machine для задачи обнаружения аномалий. Показано, что предложенные в исследовании новые признаки входят в число наиболее информативных.</p></sec><sec><title>   Обсуждение</title><p>   Обсуждение. Сравнение полученных результатов с релевантными исследованиями подтвердило применимость предложенного подхода для обеспечения безопасности устройств Интернета вещей и снижения рисков, связанных с их эксплуатацией.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Protecting IoT devices is a relevant and important task in the context of a constantly increasing number of devices connected to the network and a growing threat of cyberattacks. One of the key solutions to this problem is profiling such devices to increase the security level of the systems in which they operate. The application of machine learning methods represents a promising approach to solving this problem. This study presents a method for profiling Internet of Things (IoT) devices aimed at detecting malicious activity. The proposed solution enables the identification of network events that may indicate the presence of cyberattacks. The essence of the method lies in the creation of individualized behavioral profiles for each IoT device using machine learning algorithms. Profiles are constructed based on the analysis of network traffic. The machine learning models are employed to perform classification and anomaly detection tasks. The study provides a detailed description of the main stages of the proposed approach, including data collection and preprocessing, model selection and training, testing, and evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed solution. In the course of the study, 26 device profiles were constructed using the CIC IoT 2022 dataset. An additional 21 new features were incorporated into the original dataset. The augmented dataset was balanced using oversampling and undersampling techniques. For each device comparative performance evaluations were conducted for Random Forest, XGBoost, and CatBoost models in the context of attack detection as well as for Isolation Forest, Elliptic Envelope, and One-Class Support Vector Machine for anomaly detection. It was demonstrated that the newly proposed features are among the most informative. A comparison of the obtained results with relevant studies confirmed the applicability of the proposed approach for ensuring the security of IoT devices and reducing the risks associated with their operation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>поведенческое профилирование устройств</kwd><kwd>безопасность Интернета вещей</kwd><kwd>информационная безопасность</kwd><kwd>алгоритмы машинного обучения</kwd><kwd>выявление аномальной активности</kwd><kwd>детектирование сетевых атак</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>device behavioral profiling</kwd><kwd>IoT security</kwd><kwd>information security</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>machine learning algorithms</kwd><kwd>abnormal activity detection</kwd><kwd>network attack detection</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-71-10095, https://rscf.ru/project/24-71-10095/</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation No. 24-71-10095, https://rscf.ru/en/project/24-71-10095/</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левшун Д.С., Гайфулина Д.А., Чечулин А.А., Котенко И.В. 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