<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2025-25-4-703-709</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-495</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Протокол пересечения множеств с сохранением конфиденциальности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Set intersection protocol with privacy preservation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0856-2249</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иогансон</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ioganson</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Дмитриевич Иогансон, аспирант</p><p>197101; Санкт-Петербург</p><p>sc 57883504800</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan D. Ioganson, PhD Student</p><p>197101; Saint Petersburg</p><p>sc 57883504800</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivan.ioganson@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>703</fpage><lpage>709</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иогансон И.Д., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иогансон И.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ioganson I.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/495">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/495</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Введение</title><p>   Введение. Протокол пересечения закрытых множеств (Private Set Intersection, PSI) является одним из фундаментальных примитивов конфиденциальных вычислений. Данный примитив позволяет нескольким сторонам, которые не доверяют друг другу, совместными усилиями вычислить пересечение их секретных множеств без разглашения при этом дополнительной информации об этих множествах. Это позволяет пользователям совместно проводить анализ данных без раскрытия конфиденциальной информации друг другу.</p></sec><sec><title>   Метод</title><p>   Метод. В работе представлен новый протокол пересечения закрытых множеств для трех и более участников. Протокол работает в сети с топологией типа «кольцо». Это минимизирует количество необходимых каналов связи между пользователями. Протокол основан на идее условного разделения нуля, позволяющей использовать схему разделения секрета для определения принадлежности элемента множества всем пользователям. Для оценки быстродействия нового решения предложена программная реализация протокола на языке С++.</p></sec><sec><title>   Основные результаты</title><p>   Основные результаты. Показана безопасность разработанного протокола для трех и более пользователей при условии, что пользователи не будут сговариваться друг с другом для «Honest-But-Curious» модели злоумышленника. Предложенная модель подразумевает, что злоумышленником является один из участников протокола, который корректно выполняет протокол, но может анализировать полученную в ходе этого информацию для извлечения выгоды. Безопасность протокола основывается только на предположении о недостатке у злоумышленника информации для получения каких-либо полезных данных из полученных во время выполнения протокола сообщений. Таким образом, этот протокол обладает информационно-теоретической стойкостью.</p></sec><sec><title>   Обсуждение</title><p>   Обсуждение. Представленный протокол может быть использован для конфиденциального анализа данных, например при обмене несколькими компаниями информацией об общих клиентах. Протокол позволяет трем пользователям найти пересечение множеств размера 106 примерно за 42 с. В настоящей реализации существует возможность добавления многопоточности или перенос вычислений больших матриц с процессора на графический ускоритель.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The Private Set Intersection Protocol (PSI) is one of the fundamental primitives of secure multi-party computations. This primitive allows several parties who do not trust each other to work together to calculate the intersection of their secret sets without disclosing additional information about these sets. This allows users to jointly analyze data without revealing confidential information to each other. This paper describes a new protocol for the intersection of private sets for 3 or more participants. The protocol works in a network with a “ring” type topology which minimizes the number of necessary communication channels between users. The protocol is based on the idea of conditional zero-sharing which allows using a secret sharing scheme to determine whether an element of the set belongs to all users or not. To evaluate the performance of the proposed solution, a software implementation of the protocol in C++ is proposed. The security of the developed protocol for three or more users is shown, provided that users do not conspire with each other for an “Honest-But-Curious” attacker model. Proposed model implies that the attacker is one of the protocol participants who performs the protocol correctly, but can analyse the information obtained during this process to gain benefits. The security of the protocol is based only on the assumption that the attacker lacks information to obtain any useful data from the messages received during the protocol execution. Thus, this protocol is information-theoretically secure. The presented protocol can be used for confidential data analysis, for example, when several companies exchange information about common customers. The protocol allows three users to find the intersection of sets of sizes 106 in about 42 s. In the present implementation, it is possible to add multithreading or transfer large matrix calculations from the processor to the GPU.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>конфиденциальные вычисления</kwd><kwd>криптографический протокол</kwd><kwd>пересечение закрытых множеств</kwd><kwd>разделение секрета</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>secure multi-party computations</kwd><kwd>cryptographic protocol</kwd><kwd>private set intersection</kwd><kwd>secret sharing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания (проект № FSER-2025-0003)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out within the State Assignment (project No. FSER-2025-0003)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evans D., Kolesnikov V., Rosulek M. A pragmatic introduction to secure multi-party computation // Foundations and Trends in Privacy and Security. 2018. V. 2. N 2-3. P. 70–246. doi: 10.1561/3300000019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evans D., Kolesnikov V., Rosulek M. A pragmatic introduction to secure multi-party computation. Foundations and Trends in Privacy and Security, 2018, vol. 2, no. 2-3, pp. 70–246. doi: 10.1561/3300000019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Falzon F., Markatou E.A. Re-visiting Authorized Private Set Intersection: a new privacy-preserving variant and two protocols // Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies. 2025. V. 1. P. 792–807. doi: 10.56553/popets-2025-0041</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Falzon F., Markatou E.A. Re-visiting Authorized Private Set Intersection: a new privacy-preserving variant and two protocols. Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies, 2025, vol. 1, pp. 792–807. doi: 10.56553/popets-2025-0041</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun Z. Efficient multiparty private set intersection protocol based on function secret sharing // Proceedings of SPIE. 2024. V. 13175. P. 1317505. doi: 10.1117/12.3031902</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun Z. Efficient multiparty private set intersection protocol based on function secret sharing. Proceedings of SPIE, 2024, vol. 13175, pp. 1317505. doi: 10.1117/12.3031902</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Debnath S.K. Provably Secure Private Set Intersection With Constant Communication Complexity // International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism. 2019. V. 9. N 2. P. 39–64. doi: 10.4018/IJCWT.2019040104</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Debnath S.K. Provably Secure Private Set Intersection With Constant Communication Complexity. International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism, 2019, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 39–64. doi: 10.4018/IJCWT.2019040104</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ben-Efraim A., Nissenbaum O., Omri E., Paskin-Cherniavsky A. Psimple: Practical multiparty maliciously-secure private set intersection // Proc. of the ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security. 2022. P. 1098–1112. doi: 10.1145/3488932.3523254</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ben-Efraim A., Nissenbaum O., Omri E., Paskin-Cherniavsky A. Psimple: Practical multiparty maliciously-secure private set intersection. Proc. of the ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security, 2022, pp. 1098–1112. doi: 10.1145/3488932.3523254</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheon J.H., Jarecki S., Seo J.H. Multi-party privacy-preserving set intersection with quasi-linear complexity // IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences. 2012. V. E95.A. N 8. P. 1366–1378. doi: 10.1587/transfun.e95.a.1366</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheon J.H., Jarecki S., Seo J.H. Multi-party privacy-preserving set intersection with quasi-linear complexity. IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, 2012, vol. E95.A, no. 8, pp. 1366–1378. doi: 10.1587/transfun.e95.a.1366</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bay A. New threshold private set intersection protocols // Mugla Journal of Science and Technology. 2024. V. 10. N 1. P. 51–60. doi: 10.22531/muglajsci.1387499</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bay A. New threshold private set intersection protocols. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, 2024, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 51–60. doi: 10.22531/muglajsci.1387499</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao J., Trieu N., Yanai A. Multiparty private set intersection cardinality and its applications // Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies. 2024. V. 2024. N 2. P. 73–90. doi: 10.56553/popets-2024-0041</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao J., Trieu N., Yanai A. Multiparty private set intersection cardinality and its applications. Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies, 2024, vol. 2024, no. 2, pp. 73–90. doi: 10.56553/popets-2024-0041</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Faber S. Variants of privacy preserving set intersection and their practical applications. Dissertation for the degree of PhD in Computer Science. Irvine, University of California, 2016. 192 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Faber S. Variants of privacy preserving set intersection and their practical applications. Dissertation for the degree of PhD in Computer Science. Irvine, University of California, 2016, 192 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">LiY., Jiang Z.L., Yao L., Wang X., Yiu S.M., Huang Z. Outsourced privacy-preserving C4.5 decision tree algorithm over horizontally and vertically partitioned dataset among multiple parties // Cluster Computing. 2019. V. 22. Suppl. 1. P. 1581–1593. doi: 10.1007/s10586-017-1019-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">LiY., Jiang Z.L., Yao L., Wang X., Yiu S.M., Huang Z. Outsourced privacy-preserving C4.5 decision tree algorithm over horizontally and vertically partitioned dataset among multiple parties. Cluster Computing, 2019, vol. 22, suppl. 1, pp. 1581–1593. doi: 10.1007/s10586-017-1019-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shen L., Chen X., Wang D., Fang B., Dong Y. Efficient and private set intersection of human genomes // Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). 2018. P. 761–764. doi: 10.1109/bibm.2018.8621291</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shen L., Chen X., Wang D., Fang B., Dong Y. Efficient and private set intersection of human genomes. Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM), 2018, pp. 761–764. doi: 10.1109/bibm.2018.8621291</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aziz M.M.A., Alhadidi D., Mohammed N. Secure approximation of edit distance on genomic data // BMC Medical Genomics. 2017. V. 10. P. 55–67. doi: 10.1186/s12920-017-0279-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aziz M.M.A., Alhadidi D., Mohammed N. Secure approximation of edit distance on genomic data. BMC Medical Genomics, 2017, vol. 10, pp. 55–67. doi: 10.1186/s12920-017-0279-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hasan H.A., Al-Layla H.F., Ibraheem F.N. A review of hash function types and their applications // Wasit Journal of Computer and Mathematics Science. 2022. V. 1. N 3. P. 75–88. doi: 10.31185/wjcm.52</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasan H.A., Al-Layla H.F., Ibraheem F.N. A review of hash function types and their applications. Wasit Journal of Computer and Mathematics Science, 2022, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 75–88. doi: 10.31185/wjcm.52</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Casacuberta S., Hesse J., Lehmann A. SoK: oblivious pseudorandom functions // Proc. of the IEEE 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&amp;P). 2022. P. 625–646. doi: 10.1109/eurosp53844.2022.00045</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Casacuberta S., Hesse J., Lehmann A. SoK: oblivious pseudorandom functions. Proc. of the IEEE 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&amp;P), 2022, pp. 625–646. doi: 10.1109/eurosp53844.2022.00045</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bay A., Kayan A. A new multi-party private set intersection protocol based on OPRFs // Mugla Journal of Science and Technology. 2022. V. 8. N 1. P. 69–75. doi: 10.22531/muglajsci.1075788</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bay A., Kayan A. A new multi-party private set intersection protocol based on OPRFs. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, 2022, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 69–75. doi: 10.22531/muglajsci.1075788</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chase M., Miao P. Private set intersection in the internet setting from lightweight oblivious PRF // Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2020. V. 12172. P. 34–63. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-56877-1_2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chase M., Miao P. Private set intersection in the internet setting from lightweight oblivious PRF. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2020, vol. 12172, pp. 34–63. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-56877-1_2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kavousi A., Mohajeri J., Salmasizadeh M. Efficient scalable multiparty private set intersection using oblivious PRF // Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2021. V. 13075. P. 81–99. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-91859-0_5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kavousi A., Mohajeri J., Salmasizadeh M. Efficient scalable multiparty private set intersection using oblivious PRF. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2021, vol. 13075, pp. 81–99. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-91859-0_5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pinkas B., Schneider T., Zohner M. Faster private set intersection based on OT extension // Proc. of the 23&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; Usenix Security Symposium. 2014. P. 797–812.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pinkas B., Schneider T., Zohner M. Faster private set intersection based on OT extension. Proc. of the 23&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; Usenix Security Symposium, 2014, pp. 797–812.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang Y., Guo M., Huo Y., Zhao Z., Yu J., Qin B. An MLWE-based cut-and-choose oblivious transfer protocol // Entropy. 2024. V. 26. N 9. P. 793. doi: 10.3390/e26090793</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang Y., Guo M., Huo Y., Zhao Z., Yu J., Qin B. An MLWE-based cut-and-choose oblivious transfer protocol. Entropy, 2024, vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 793. doi: 10.3390/e26090793</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolesnikov V., Matania N., Pinkas B., Rosulek M., Trieu N. Practical multiparty private set intersection from symmetric-key techniques // Proc. of the ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. 2017. P. 1257–1272. doi: 10.1145/3133956.3134065</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesnikov V., Matania N., Pinkas B., Rosulek M., Trieu N. Practical multiparty private set intersection from symmetric-key techniques. Proc. of the ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, 2017, pp. 1257–1272. doi: 10.1145/3133956.3134065</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
