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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2025-25-4-718-726</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-497</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метод сравнительного анализа временных серий наборов данных, заданных в виде множества строк, с использованием графов де Брейна</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative analysis method for time series data objects represented as sets of strings based on de Bruijn graphs</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7997-0637</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артем Борисович Иванов, младший научный сотрудник, аспирант</p><p>119435; Москва; 197101; Санкт-Петербург</p><p>sc 5722243893</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem B. Ivanov, Junior Researcher, PhD Student</p><p>119435; Moscow; 197101; Saint Petersburg</p><p>sc 5722243893</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abivanov@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2723-2077</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шалыто</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalyto</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анатолий Абрамович Шалыто, доктор технических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, профессор кафедры</p><p>197101; Санкт-Петербург</p><p>sc 56131789500</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly A. Shalyto, D.Sc., Professor, Chief Researcher</p><p>197101; Saint Petersburg</p><p>sc 56131789500</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anatoly.shalyto@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0802-830X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ульянцев</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulyantsev</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Игоревич Ульянцев, кандидат технических наук, доцент</p><p>197101; Санкт-Петербург</p><p>sc 55062303000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I. Ulyantsev, PhD, Associate Professor</p><p>197101; Saint Petersburg</p><p>sc 55062303000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ulyantsev@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научно-клинический центр физико-химической медицины им. академика Ю. М. Лопухина Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency (FRCC PCM); ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>718</fpage><lpage>726</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванов А.Б., Шалыто А.А., Ульянцев В.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванов А.Б., Шалыто А.А., Ульянцев В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanov A.B., Shalyto A.A., Ulyantsev V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/497">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/497</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Введение</title><p>   Введение. Рассмотрена задача сравнительного анализа временных серий образцов в наборах данных, заданных в виде множества строк. Предложен способ повышения точности определения различий между двумя образцами. На его основе разработан метод анализа временных серий из трех образцов, позволяющий повысить точность классификации изменений между образцами. Использование в анализе трех образцов обусловлено спецификой решаемой практической задачи обработки данных секвенирования метагеномных образцов, получение большего числа которых является очень ресурсоемким.</p></sec><sec><title>   Методы</title><p>   Методы. Для классификации строк из одного образца на обнаруженные и необнаруженные строки в другом образце применяется метод сравнения двух образцов с использованием k-меров и графа де Брейна. В нем реализованы решающие правила, основывающиеся на статистиках частоты встречаемости k-меров, разных значениях параметра k и информации о возможных ошибках в строках. Для анализа временных серий из трех образцов (исходного и итогового образца для одного объекта и модифицирующего образца для другого объекта) разработан метод, на основе попарного сравнения образцов. Он применяется для разбиения строк каждого из образцов на группы в зависимости от обнаружения строк в других образцах.</p></sec><sec><title>   Основные результаты</title><p>   Основные результаты. Разработанный метод анализа временных серий протестирован на двух типах сгенерированных метагеномных данных, заданных в виде множества строк. Показано, что метод позволяет различать геномы организмов, имеющие отличия хотя бы в одном символе на каждые 10 000 символов. Показана высокая (больше 80 %) точность и полнота результатов классификации строк при анализе моделированных сложных данных большого объема, сопоставимых с реальными данными.</p></sec><sec><title>   Обсуждение</title><p>   Обсуждение. Предложенный метод позволяет сравнивать метагеномные образцы, заданные в виде множества строк, используя только сами данные и не требуя дополнительной информации. Это дает возможность осуществлять более точный анализ по сравнению с существующими методами, которые сравнивают образцы на основе результатов классификации строк в базах данных таксономической аннотации. Представленные методы могут найти применение в различных областях обработки строковых данных, например для анализа изменений авторского стиля при написании серии текстов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The paper considers the comparative analysis of string datasets represented as time series of samples. We propose a method to increase the accuracy of determining differences between two samples. Based on this method, a method for analyzing time series of three samples has been developed, which allows for more accurate changes investigation between samples. The use of three samples in the analysis is due to the specific nature of the practical task of processing metagenomic sample sequencing data, obtaining a larger number of which is very resource-intensive. To classify strings from one sample into detected and undetected strings in another sample, a method of comparing two samples using k-mers and the de Bruijn graph is proposed. It implements decision rules based on statistics of the frequency of k-mers occurrence, different values of the parameter k, and information about possible errors in the strings. To analyze time series of three samples (the original and final sample for one object and the modifying sample for another object), a method based on pairwise comparison of samples is developed. It is used to divide the strings of each sample into groups depending on the detection of strings in other samples. The developed method for analyzing time series has been tested on two types of generated metagenomic data, represented as a set of strings. It was shown that the method allows distinguishing organisms that have differences in genomes in at least one symbol for every 10,000 symbols. High (more than 80 %) recall and precision of the results of string classification were demonstrated when analyzing simulated complex data, with properties comparable to real data. The developed method allows comparing metagenomic samples represented as a set of strings using only the data itself and without requiring additional information. This allows for a more accurate analysis compared to existing methods that compare samples based on the results of string classification in taxonomic annotation databases. The developed methods can also be used in other areas of string data processing such as analyzing changes in author style when writing a series of texts.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>временные серии</kwd><kwd>граф де Брейна</kwd><kwd>k-меры</kwd><kwd>сравнительный анализ</kwd><kwd>классификация строк</kwd><kwd>метагеномные образцы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>time series</kwd><kwd>de Bruijn graph</kwd><kwd>k-mers</kwd><kwd>comparative analysis</kwd><kwd>strings classification</kwd><kwd>metagenomic samples</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown P.F., Della Pietra V.J., Desouza P.V., Lai J.C., Mercer R.L. Classbased n-gram models of natural language // Computational Linguistics. 1992. V. 18. N 4. P. 467–480.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown P.F., Della Pietra V.J., Desouza P.V., Lai J.C., Mercer R.L. 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