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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2025-25-4-762-770</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-502</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ И КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MODELING AND SIMULATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Имитационно-аналитическая модель надежности с возможной репликацией передач в реконфигурируемой многопутевой беспроводной сети</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Simulation and analytical model of reliability with possible replication of transmissions in a reconfigurable multipath wireless network</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5637-7427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгения Александровна Абрамова, аспирант</p><p>197101; Санкт-Петербург</p><p>sc 57221663902</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya A. Abramova, PhD Student</p><p>197101; Saint Petersburg</p><p>sc 57221663902</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Vectra4444@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0213-0223</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богатырев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogatyrev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Анатольевич Богатырев, доктор технических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры</p><p>197101; 190000; Санкт-Петербург</p><p>sc 7006571069</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Bogatyrev, D.Sc., Professor, Professor at the Department</p><p>197101; 190000; Saint Petersburg</p><p>sc 7006571069</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimir.bogatyrev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО;  Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет аэрокосмического приборостроения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University; Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation (SUAI)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>762</fpage><lpage>770</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Абрамова Е.А., Богатырев В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абрамова Е.А., Богатырев В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abramova E.A., Bogatyrev V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/502">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/502</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Введение</title><p>   Введение. Рассмотрены методы обеспечения и оценки надежности беспроводных реконфигурируемых многопутевых сетей. Отказоустойчивость многопутевых беспроводных сетей поддерживается с помощьюограниченного числа связанных между собой коммутационных узлов-переключателей, позволяющих проводить реконфигурацию при перераспределении трафика через сохранившие связанность сегменты путей.</p><p>   Целью работы является повышение надежности передачи данных в многопутевых беспроводных сетях.</p><p>   Надежность достигается в результате обоснования выбора места расположения переключателей маршрутов с учетом влияния на вероятности доставки пакетов отказов коммутационных узлов и комбинаций различных препятствий распространения сигналов по совокупности путей связи с адресуемым узлом. Для сравнения решений построения сети предлагается модель, отражающая влияние на надежность передач месторасположения узлов переключателей путей.</p></sec><sec><title>   Метод</title><p>   Метод. Исследование надежности беспроводной многопутевой сети основывается на сочетании аналитического и имитационного моделирований. Оценка надежности сети предполагает ее декомпозицию с учетом возможных комбинаций отказов узлов переключателей путей и их влияния на возможности реконфигурации в результате переключения сегментов путей, сохранивших после отказов связанность входящих в их состав узлов. Оценка вероятности потери пакетов при передаче по беспроводным каналам осуществляется в результате имитационного моделирования с использованием инструментальных средств OMNeT++. Предлагаемый подход позволяет совместить оценки надежности структуры сети и процесса передачи данных (доставки пакетов) через нее с учетом отказов узлов, а также постоянных и меняющихся препятствий (условий) распространения сигналов между узлами.</p></sec><sec><title>   Основные результаты</title><p>   Основные результаты. Проанализированы возможности повышения надежности беспроводных сетей с многопутевой маршрутизацией в результате оптимизации размещения ограниченного числа узлов межпутевого переключения передач. Предложена имитационно-аналитическая модель надежности беспроводных реконфигурируемых многопутевых сетей, которая учитывает при оценке вероятности доставки пакетов, отказы коммуникационных узлов и потери пакетов при вариациях расположения физических препятствий прохождения сигналов между узлами. Показано, что выбор размещения узлов межпутевого переключения существенно влияет на надежность доставки пакетов. При этом существует оптимальное размещение переключателей, обеспечивающее в зависимости от распределения по путям препятствий передачи сигналов максимум надежности передач.</p></sec><sec><title>   Обсуждение</title><p>   Обсуждение. Результаты исследования могут быть применены при прогнозировании надежности и обосновании проектных решений построения отказоустойчивых многопутевых реконфигурируемых беспроводных сетей. В дальнейшем предполагается рассмотреть более сложные топологии сетей с учетом влияния реконфигурации на надежность и на задержки доставки пакетов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Methods for ensuring and evaluating the reliability of wireless reconfigurable multipath networks are considered. The fault tolerance of multipath wireless networks is maintained using a limited number of interconnected switching nodes which allow reconfiguration when traffic is redistributed through the connected path segments.</p><p>   The aim of the work is to increase the reliability of transmissions in multipath wireless networks as a result of justifying the choice of route switches, taking into account the impact on the probability of packet delivery of both failures of switching nodes and combinations of various obstacles to signal propagation along a set of communication paths with the addressable node.</p><p>   To compare network construction solutions, a model is proposed that reflects the influence of the location of path switch nodes on transmission reliability. The study of the reliability of a wireless multipath network is based on a combination of analytical and simulation modeling. An assessment of network reliability involves its decomposition, taking into account possible combinations of failures of path switch nodes and their impact on reconfiguration capabilities as a result of switching path segments that have retained the connectivity of their constituent nodes after failures. The probability of packet loss during transmission over wireless channels is estimated as a result of simulation using OMNeT++ tools. The proposed approach makes it possible to combine estimates of the reliability of the network structure and the process of data transmission (packet delivery) through it, taking into account node failures as well as constant and changing obstacles (conditions) of signal propagation between nodes. The possibilities of increasing the reliability of wireless networks with multipath routing are analyzed as a result of optimizing the placement of a limited number of inter-path gearshift nodes. A simulation and analytical model of the reliability of wireless reconfigurable multipath networks is proposed, which takes into account failures of communication nodes and packet losses with variations in the location of physical obstacles to signal transmission between nodes when assessing the probability of packet delivery. It is shown that the choice of the location of the inter-path switching nodes significantly affects the reliability of packet delivery, while there is an optimal placement of switches, which ensures maximum transmission reliability depending on the distribution of signal transmission obstacles along the paths. The results of the study can be applied in predicting reliability and substantiating design solutions for building fault-tolerant multipath reconfigurable wireless networks. In the future, it is expected to consider more complex network topologies, taking into account the impact of reconfiguration on both reliability and packet delivery delays.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>надежность</kwd><kwd>многопутевая маршрутизация</kwd><kwd>отказоустойчивость</kwd><kwd>реконфигурация</kwd><kwd>OMNeT++</kwd><kwd>беспроводная сеть</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reliability</kwd><kwd>multipath routing</kwd><kwd>fault tolerance</kwd><kwd>reconfiguration</kwd><kwd>OMNeT++</kwd><kwd>wireless network</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Y., Liu A., Liu X., Ma M. A trust-based active detection for cyber-physical security in industrial environments // IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. 2019. V. 15. N 12. 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