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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2022-22-5-859-865</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-51</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗБРАННЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ XXXII ШКОЛЫ ПО ГОЛОГРАФИИ  Часть I</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROCEEDINGS OF THE XXXII SCHOOL ON HOLOGRAPHY  Part I</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение технологий нейронных сетей и компьютерного зрения  для анализа изображений кожных новообразований</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of neural network and computer vision technologies  for image analysis of skin lesion</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1970-5217</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милантьев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Milantev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Милантьев Сергей Андреевич — программист; аспирант</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 198095</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p><p>sc 57225127274</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Milantev — Software Developer; PhD Student</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 198095</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p><p>sc 57225127274 </p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">geerkus@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6099-4276</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кордюкова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kordyukova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кордюкова Анна Алексеевна — младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 198095</p><p>sc 57211856932</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Kordyukova — Junior Researcher</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 198095</p><p>sc 57211856932</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">annygm00@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5609-4091</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевяков</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevyakov</surname><given-names>D. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевяков Даниил Олегович — программист; аспирант</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 198095</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 190000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil O. Shevyakov — Software Developer, PhD Student</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 198095</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sevakovdaniil@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4292-9419</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логачев</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Logachev</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Логачев Евгений Павлович — младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 198095</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny P. Logachev — Junior Researcher</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 198095</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhenya.logachev.94@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт аналитического приборостроения РАН; Университет ИТМО<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute for analytical instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences; ITMO University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт аналитического приборостроения РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute for analytical instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт аналитического приборостроения РАН; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет аэрокосмического приборостроения<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute for analytical instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>859</fpage><lpage>865</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Милантьев С.А., Кордюкова А.А., Шевяков Д.О., Логачев Е.П., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Милантьев С.А., Кордюкова А.А., Шевяков Д.О., Логачев Е.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Milantev S.A., Kordyukova A.A., Shevyakov D.O., Logachev E.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/51">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/51</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Предмет исследования</title><p>Предмет исследования. Исследована возможность применения нейронных сетей и компьютерного зрения для анализа изображений кожных новообразований и выявления признаков развития различных патологий, в том числе онкологических. Разработана методика оценки значимости комбинаций цветовых каналов и пространств с применением технологий компьютерного зрения, а именно, методов локальных бинарных шаблонов и гистограмм ориентированных градиентов для извлечения признаков кожных изменений и бинарной классификации новообразований кожи человека. Оптимизация комбинаций признаков позволит более эффективно решать проблему разделимости данных при классификации. Показана возможность исследования кожных новообразований при использовании набора данных малого объема (менее 1000 изображений). Предложено применение методики к данным, получаемым с помощью нового уникального метода многоспектральной обработки кожных новообразований.</p></sec><sec><title>Метод</title><p>Метод. Использованы изображения из наборов данных ISIC-19 и ISIC-20. Для тренировки и валидации моделей сформированы выборки с ограничением в 1000 изображений, а также дополнительная тестовая выборка из 250 изображений. Все изображения приведены к единому размеру 128 × 128 пикселов и преобразованы в цветовые пространства YCrCb, BGR, Grayscale, HSV. По каждому цветовому каналу извлечены признаки с помощью методов локальных бинарных шаблонов и гистограмм ориентированных градиентов. Для классификации данных применен ряд математических моделей, в том числе нейронные сети. Выполнена оценка эффективности комбинаций объединения признаков по цветовым каналам и методам их извлечения. Предобработанные изображения разделены на тренировочную и валидационную подвыборки в соотношении 70/30 %. Проведена оценка моделей с помощью метрик Accuracy, Recall, Precision и F1-score на стратифицированной кросс-валидации и тестовой выборке. Оптимизация параметров моделей осуществлена на основе функции потерь, представленной усредненным значением по кросс-валидации и оценке на валидационной выборке.</p></sec><sec><title>Основные результаты</title><p>Основные результаты. В процессе исследований выполнено более 15 000 оптимизаций параметров моделей. Наиболее устойчивые результаты на валидационном наборе данных достигнуты при ансамблировании моделей, обученных на комбинации признаков с применением методов локальных бинарных шаблонов и гистограмм ориентированных градиентов. Показано, что модели с использованием только метода локальных бинарных шаблонов имеют лучшие значения метрик, применение их не рекомендуется на практике без ансамблирования с более сильными моделями.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость. Полученные результаты могут найти применение при использовании ансамбля из state-of-the-art сверточных и рекуррентных нейронных сетей. Предложенный подход является универсальным и применим как для анализа отдельных изображений кожных новообразований, так и для анализа их последовательностей, полученных по методу многоспектральной обработки изображений. Методику можно использовать на наборах данных с ограниченным их количеством. Полученные результаты будут полезны специалистам в областях компьютерного зрения и анализа медицинских снимков.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Opportunity research of using neural networks and computer vision to analyze images of skin lesion and identify features of various pathologies, including oncological neoplasms. A methodology has been developed that makes it possible to evaluate the significance of combinations of color components and spaces in feature extraction using local binary patterns (LBP) and histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) computer vision technologies to extract features of skin changes binary classification of human skin lesions. Optimization of extracted feature makes it possible to more effectively solve the problem of data separability in classification. Research reveals an accessible way to classify skin lesions on a small dataset (less than 1000 images). Research is supposed to be applied to data sequences obtained using a new unique method of multispectral processing of skin lesions. In the course of the work, data from the ISIC-19 and ISIC-20 datasets were used. Samples were formed with a limit of 1000 images for training and validating the models. Additionally, a test sample of 250 images was formed. All images were reduced to 128 × 128 pixels and converted to YCrCb, BGR, Grayscale, HSV color spaces. Features were extracted for each color channel using the HOG and LBP methods. Mathematical models, including neural networks have been used for data classification. The effectiveness of features combinations by color channels and feature extraction methods was evaluated. The preprocessed images were divided into training and validation subsets in a 70/30 ratio. The accuracy, recall, precision and f1-score metrics were used to evaluate the models. The models were evaluated using stratified cross-validation and a test dataset. Optimization of model parameters was carried out based on the loss function represented by the average of cross-validation and evaluation on the validation set. In the process of research, more than 15 000 different optimizations of model parameters were executed. The most stable results on the validation dataset were achieved using ensemble of models, which were trained on a combination of features using local binary patterns (LBP) and histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) technologies. Models which used only local binary patterns technology had the best metrics values, but these models are not recommended to be used in practice without ensemble with stronger models. The results gained can be applied for usage with an ensemble of state-of-the-art convolutional and recurrent neural networks. The proposed approach is universal and applicable both for the analysis of individual images of skin neoplasms and for the analysis of their sequences obtained by the method of multispectral image processing. The technique can be applied to datasets with a limited amount of data. The results obtained will be of interest to specialists in the fields of computer vision and medical images analysis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кожные новообразования</kwd><kwd>нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>HOG</kwd><kwd>LBP</kwd><kwd>цветовые пространства</kwd><kwd>анализ изображений</kwd><kwd>многоспектральная обработка изображений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>skin lesion</kwd><kwd>neural networks</kwd><kwd>HOG</kwd><kwd>LBP</kwd><kwd>color spaces</kwd><kwd>image analysis</kwd><kwd>multispectral image processing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа поддержана Минобрнауки Российской Федерации, госзадание № 075-00761-22-00, тема № FZZM-20220011.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, state task No. 075-0076122-00, topic No. FZZM-2022-0011.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зайченко К.В., Гуревич Б.С. 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