ntvНаучно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптикиScientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics2226-14942500-0373Университет ИТМО10.17586/2226-1494-2025-25-5-988-995ntv-528Research ArticleМАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ И КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕMODELING AND SIMULATIONОценка надежности восстанавливаемого кластера контейнерной виртуализациейAssessment of the reliability of a recoverable container virtualization clusterhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0213-0223БогатыревВ. А.BogatyrevV. A.

Богатырев Владимир Анатольевич — доктор технических наук, профессор; профессор

sc 7006571069

Санкт-Петербург, 190000

Санкт-Петербург, 197101

Vladimir A. Bogatyrev — D.Sc., Professor; Russian Federation; Professor

sc 7006571069

Saint Petersburg, 190000

Saint Petersburg, 197101

vladimir.bogatyrev@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-3278-1106ФунгВ. К.PhungV. Q.

Фунг Ван Кю — аспирант

Санкт-Петербург, 197101

Van Quy Phung — PhD Student

Saint Petersburg, 197101

phungvanquy97@gmail.comСанкт-Петербургский государственный университет аэрокосмического приборостроения; Университет ИТМОРоссияSaint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation (SUAI); ITMO UniversityRussian FederationУниверситет ИТМОРоссияITMO UniversityRussian Federation202527102025255988995Copyright © Богатырев В.А., Фунг В.К., 20252025Богатырев В.А., Фунг В.К.Bogatyrev V.A., Phung V.Q.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/528В ведение

В ведение. При построении отказоустойчивых кластеров высокой готовности с малыми задержками обслуживания потоков запросов все большее применение находит технология контейнерной виртуализации. При проектировании высоконадежных кластеров важной задачей является их структурно-параметрический модельноориентированный синтез с учетом влияния числа развертываемых контейнеров на производительность, задержки обслуживания потоков запросов и надежность системы.

Метод

Метод. Обоснование решений по обеспечению высокой готовности кластера основывается на разработке моделей восстанавливаемого кластера при реконфигурации с учетом миграции виртуальных контейнеров. Новизна предлагаемых марковских моделей кластера состоит в учете двухэтапного восстановления его работоспособности с определением влияния на надежность кластера числа контейнеров, подлежащих миграции в процессе реконфигурации — до и после физического восстановления отказавших серверов. Рассмотрены два варианта миграции контейнеров при восстановлении кластера. В первом варианте, на этапе физического восстановления отказавшего сервера, миграция контейнеров на исправный сервер не происходит, а во втором — происходит. На втором этапе реконфигурации после физического восстановления отказавшего сервера осуществляется миграция контейнеров, при которой возможно как увеличение, так и уменьшение числа развернутых в них контейнеров.

Основные результаты

Основные результаты. На основе предлагаемых марковских моделей надежности кластера с контейнерной виртуализацией дана оценка его коэффициента готовности и определено влияние числа контейнеров, загружаемых при миграции на двух этапах реконфигурации, на надежность системы.

Обсуждение

Обсуждение. Предложенные марковские модели надежности кластера с контейнерной виртуализацией направлены на обоснование выбора проектных решений по организации и восстановлению работоспособности кластера после отказов серверов с учетом влияния вариантов реализации миграции виртуальных контейнеров на готовность системы. В дальнейших исследованиях предполагается анализ влияния вариантов миграции контейнеров как на готовность кластера, так и на задержки обслуживания запросов на двух рассматриваемых этапах реконфигурации.

Container virtualization technology is increasingly being used in the development of fault-tolerant clusters with high availability and low request processing latency. In designing highly reliable clusters, a key task is the structuralparametric model-oriented synthesis which takes into account the impact of the number of deployed containers on performance, request processing latency, and system reliability. Justifying the choice of solutions to ensure high cluster reliability currently requires the development of reliability models for recoverable container virtualization clusters during reconfiguration, considering the migration of virtual containers. The basis for decisions to ensure high cluster availability is the development of models for a recoverable cluster during reconfiguration, taking into account the migration of virtual containers. The novelty of the proposed Markov model of a cluster lies in considering a two-stage recovery of its operability, determining the impact of the number of containers to be migrated during reconfiguration — both before and after the physical recovery of failed servers — on cluster reliability. Two options for container migration during cluster recovery are considered. In the first scenario, during the physical recovery phase of a failed server, container migration to a functional server does not occur, while in the second scenario it does. In the second stage of reconfiguration, following the physical recovery of a failed server, container migration takes place, allowing for either an increase or decrease in the number of containers deployed on them. Based on the proposed Markov models of cluster reliability with container virtualization, an evaluation of its readiness coefficient is provided, and the influence of the number of containers loaded during migration at the two reconfiguration stages on system reliability is determined. The proposed Markov models of cluster reliability with container virtualization are aimed at justifying design decisions for organizing and restoring cluster operability after server failures, considering the impact of container migration implementation options on system availability. Future research will analyze the impact of container migration options on both cluster availability and request processing latency at the two considered reconfiguration stages.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.