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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2025-25-6-1125-1133</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-545</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метод пространственного противодействия нарушителю в рое беспилотных воздушных судов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Method of spatial countering an intruder in a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0822-5310</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамрай</surname><given-names>П. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamray</surname><given-names>P. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Юрьевич Шамрай, ведущий инженер</p><p>197101; Санкт-Петербург</p><p>sc 56493192000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel Yu. Shamray, Leading Engineer</p><p>197101; Saint Petersburg</p><p>sc 56493192000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavel.shamray@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-1998</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заколдаев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakoldaev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данил Анатольевич Заколдаев, кандидат технических наук, доцент, директор центра</p><p>международный научно-образовательный центр «Безопасность и надежность критических цифровых технологий»</p><p>197101; Санкт-Петербург</p><p>sc 57021875400</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danil A. Zakoldaev, PhD, Associate Professor, Head of the Center</p><p>International Scientific and Academic Center “Security and Safety for Critical Digital Technologies”</p><p>197101; Saint Petersburg</p><p>sc 57021875400</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.zakoldaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3120-6170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойко</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyko</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Михайлович Бойко, кандидат физико-математических наук, научный сотрудник, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>197101; 194021; Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey M. Boyko, PhD (Physics &amp; Mathematics), Scientific Researcher, Senior Researcher</p><p>197101; 194021; Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andray599@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО; Физико-технический институт им. А.Ф. Иоффе</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University; Ioffe Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1125</fpage><lpage>1133</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шамрай П.Ю., Заколдаев Д.А., Бойко А.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шамрай П.Ю., Заколдаев Д.А., Бойко А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shamray P.Y., Zakoldaev D.A., Boyko A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/545">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/545</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Введение</title><p>   Введение. Развитие технологий децентрализованного управления роями беспилотных воздушных судов требует создания новых методов обеспечения их устойчивости к внутренним угрозам. Наличие в составе роя агента-нарушителя создает угрозы энергетических или информационных атак. Особенно критична ситуация, когда агент-нарушитель находится в центре роя и его влияние на соседей максимально. Существующие исследования в основном сосредоточены на обнаружении агентов-нарушителей, тогда как методы противодействия, в частности — пространственного вытеснения нарушителя из группы, — мало изучены. В работе представлен и проанализирован разработанный метод пространственного противодействия нарушителю, не требующий его явного обнаружения или обмена информацией между агентами.</p></sec><sec><title>   Метод</title><p>   Метод. Предлагаемый метод основан на оригинальной идее проведения аналогии между управлением роем беспилотных воздушных судов (агентов) с процессами, происходящими в полупроводниковом кристалле. Противодействие агенту-нарушителю достигается за счет временного изменения агентами определенных параметров роевого взаимодействия. Вследствие этого меняется пространственная структура роя, а нарушитель, не меняющий свои параметры взаимодействия, начинает движение относительно остальных агентов, оказываясь на краю группы. В работе исследованы следующие варианты реализации разработанного метода противодействия, основанные на сжатии, расширении и последовательном перестроении структуры роя.</p></sec><sec><title>   Основные результаты</title><p>   Основные результаты. Выполнено имитационное моделирование поведения роя беспилотных воздушных судов в присутствии нарушителя. Показателем результативности применения метода считалась вероятность наличия у агента-нарушителя менее пяти соседних беспилотных воздушных судов, т. е. нахождение агента-нарушителя на краю группы. Наилучший результат (вероятность, близкая к 1,0) продемонстрировал вариант сжатия роя. Вариант расширения роя показал меньшую результативность (негарантированный вариант), вариант последовательного перестроения оказался неэффективным. Показано, что основной вклад в результативность метода вносит степень изменения расстояния между агентами. Метод, реализованный в варианте сжатия роя, показал эффективность для числа агентов в рое от 19 до 91.</p></sec><sec><title>   Обсуждение</title><p>   Обсуждение. Предложенный метод позволяет уменьшить вероятность деструктивного влияния нарушителя в рое беспилотных воздушных судов, основываясь только на локальных навигационных данных агентов, не прибегая к обнаружению нарушителя. Это дает возможность применять метод в системах с ограниченными коммуникационными возможностями. Некоторое повышение энергетических затрат может быть снижено путем оптимизации длительности воздействия и сохранения структуры роя.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The development of decentralized control technologies for swarms of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles requires the development of new methods for ensuring their resilience to internal threats. The emergence of an intruder agent within a swarm creates threats of energy or information attacks. The situation is especially critical when the intruder agent is located at the center of the swarm, with its influence on its neighbors being greatest. Existing research has focused primarily on detecting intruder agents, while countermeasures, particularly spatial exclusion of the intruder agent from the group, remain poorly understood. This study develops and analyzes a method for spatial countermeasures against the intruder agent that does not require its explicit detection or information exchange between agents. The proposed method is based on the original idea of analogizing the control of a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles (agents) with the processes occurring in a semiconductor crystal. Countermeasures against the intruder agent are achieved through the temporary modification of certain swarm interaction parameters by the agents. As a result, the spatial structure of the swarm changes, and the intruder, who does not change its interaction parameters, begins to move relative to the other agents, ending up at the edge of the group. Three implementation options for the proposed countermeasure method, based on compression, expansion, and sequential restructuring of the swarm structure, are investigated. Simulation modeling of the behavior of a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles in the presence of an intruder was performed. The success of the method was measured by the probability of the intruder agent having fewer than five neighboring unmanned aerial vehicles, i. e., being at the edge of the group. The best performance (probability close to 1.0) was demonstrated by the swarm compression option. The swarm expansion option showed lower performance (non-guaranteed option). The sequential restructuring option proved ineffective. It is shown that the degree of change in the distance between agents makes the main contribution to the effectiveness of the method. The proposed method implemented in the swarmcompression mode demonstrated effectiveness for swarm numbers ranging from 19 to 91. The proposed method reduces the likelihood of destructive intruder influence in a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles, relying solely on the agents local navigation data, without resorting to intruder detection. This makes the method applicable to systems with limited communication capabilities. Some increase in energy consumption can be mitigated by optimizing the intrusion duration and maintaining the swarm structure.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рой</kwd><kwd>беспилотные воздушные суда</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>нарушитель</kwd><kwd>имитационное моделирование</kwd><kwd>потенциальные поля</kwd><kwd>децентрализованное управление</kwd><kwd>кристалл</kwd><kwd>примесь</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>swarm</kwd><kwd>unmanned aerial vehicles</kwd><kwd>security</kwd><kwd>intruder</kwd><kwd>simulation</kwd><kwd>potential fields</kwd><kwd>decentralized control</kwd><kwd>crystal</kwd><kwd>impurity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в Университете ИТМО при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации в рамках проекта № 70-2024-001354 «Разработка технологий и демонстратора комплексной системы группового управления, взаимодействия и организации поведения группы БВС при выполнении целевых задач»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out at ITMO University with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation as part of the project No. 70-2024-001354 “Development of technologies and a demonstrator of a complex system for group control, interaction and organization of behavior of a group of UAVs in performing target tasks”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Phadke A., Medrano F.A., Sekharan C.N., Chu T. 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