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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2026-26-3-457-465</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-613</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОПТИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPTICAL ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Спектральные свойства лазерно-индуцированной микроплазмы при термоупрочняющей обработке титана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Spectral properties of laser-induced plasma in confined conditions during thermal hardening treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4228-0392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>X. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Егорова Ксения Андреевна — инженер-исследователь</p><p>sc 58625791800</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Xenia A. Egorova — Research Engineer</p><p>sc 58625791800</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">x_egorova@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8454-1343</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салех</surname><given-names>Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saleh</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Салех Хамза — инженер-исследователь</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Hamza Saleh — Research Engineer</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hamzasaleh554@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2853-6478</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петров Андрей Анатольевич — кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент</p><p>sc 55866182900</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Petrov — PhD, Associate Professor, Associate Professor</p><p>sc 55866182900</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aapetrov@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6274-1491</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синев Дмитрий Андреевич — кандидат технических  наук, доцент</p><p>sc 55547026700</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Sinev — PhD, Associate Professor</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sinev@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>457</fpage><lpage>465</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Егорова К.А., Салех Х., Петров А.А., Синев Д.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Егорова К.А., Салех Х., Петров А.А., Синев Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Egorova X.A., Saleh H., Petrov A.A., Sinev D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/613">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/613</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Термоупрочнение металлов под лазерным воздействием на вспомогательный поглощающий слой происходит за счет формирования и распространения плазменного факела в пространственно-ограниченных условиях. При этом обычно исследования сосредоточены на изучении достигаемых в результате обработки значений твердости post factum, а особенности плазменного факела в пространственно-ограниченных условиях представляются недостаточно подробно изученными. Можно предположить, что вклад плазменного факела определяет перераспределение лазерной энергии, протекание ударно-волновых процессов и формирование поверхностного слоя с улучшенными функциональными свойствами. Целью работы является определение связи свойств лазерно-индуцированной микроплазмы при термоупрочняющей лазерной обработке титана с параметрами лазерного воздействия и конфигурацией мишеней. Метод. Исследованы закономерности формирования плазменного факела методом оптической эмиссионной спектроскопии при различных параметрах наносекундного лазерного излучения с длиной волны 1064 нм. Интенсивность свечения плазменного факела и эмиссионные спектры регистрировались в диапазоне 380–740 нм с применением оптоволоконного спектрометра «Avantes». В качестве объекта исследования использовались технически чистые титановые пластины марки ВТ1-0, которые были изучены в трех конфигурациях мишеней: исходная титановая пластина; титановая пластина под стеклянной пластиной; титановая пластина, покрытая слоем графитового порошка и стеклянной пластиной. Обработка зарегистрированных эмиссионных спектров плазменного факела включала вычитание фонового сигнала, коррекцию с использованием кривой спектральной чувствительности прибора и кривой спектра пропускания стекла, а также анализ спектральных линий с применением базы данных NIST Atomic Spectra Database. Численные значения твердости модифицированных поверхностей были определены путем проведения измерений твердости по шкале Виккерса с малой нагрузкой. Основные результаты. Получено, что при лазерной обработке с импульсной плотностью мощности выше 4,1∙1011 Вт/м2 при всех типах конфигурации мишеней в спектре плазменного факела можно идентифицировать линии нейтральными и однократно ионизированными атомами титана, что указывает на превышение порога абляции титана и формирование частично ионизированного парогазового факела. Введение в конфигурацию мишени поглощающего (порошок графита) и ограничивающего (стеклянная пластина) слоев приводит к заметному снижению общей интенсивности свечения плазменного факела при сохранении характерных линий в его спектре, однако при этом величина твердости по Виккерсу поверхностного слоя титана увеличивается с 185 HV до 520 HV. Обсуждение. Показано, что конфигурация мишени существенно влияет на закономерности формирования плазменного факела и твердость поверхностного слоя титана в составе мишени. Выявленные закономерности могут указывать на реализацию смешанного механизма термомеханического (ударного) упрочнения титана, при котором реализуется эффективная конверсия энергии лазерного излучения, поглощенной слоем графита, находящимся под стеклянной пластиной, в нагрев и упрочнение титана, в большей степени чем в нагрев частиц графита, аблируемых в плазменном факеле. Результаты работы могут быть использованы для оптимизации режимов лазерной обработки титана с целью управляемого формирования поверхностей с улучшенными значениями твердости.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Thermal hardening of metals under laser irradiation with an auxiliary absorbing layer occurs due to the formation and propagation of a plasma plume in confined conditions. Most post factum studies are focused on the hardness values achieved by processing, while the characteristics of the plasma plume in confined conditions stay deficiently investigated. However, it can reasonably be assumed that the contribution of the plasma plume determines energy reallocation, the development of shock wave processes, and the formation of surface structures with improved functional properties. The aim of this work is to identify the relationship between the properties of laser-induced microplasma during the laser hardening of titanium and the laser irradiation parameters as well as the target configuration. Patterns of plasma plume formation were investigated in the work using the method of optical emission spectroscopy with variable parameters of nanosecond laser radiation with a wavelength of 1064 nm. Spectral lines were recorded in the range of 380–740 nm using an “Avantes” fiber-optic spectrometer. Technically pure titanium plates were used as the object of the study and were examined in three target configurations: titanium plate, a titanium plate under glass, and a titanium plate under a layer of graphite powder and glass. The processing of the recorded emission spectra of the plasma plume included the background signal subtraction, correction for the curve of spectral sensitivity of the spectrometer and the curve of transmission spectrum of the glass, and analysis of spectral lines using the NIST Atomic Spectra Database. Numerical values of surface hardness were determined by performing Vickers microhardness measurements under a low load. It was demonstrated that during laser processing with an impulse power density above 4.1∙1011 W/m2, neutral atom and singly ionized atom lines can be identified for all processing configurations. This indicates that the ablation limit of the titanium target is reached, and a partially ionized plasma plume is formed. The introduction of absorbing (graphite) and confining (glass) layers leads to a visible decrease in the registered absolute emission intensity while keeping the characteristic spectral lines. At the same time, the surface hardness values increase from 185 HV to 520 HV. It was demonstrated that the target configuration significantly influences the formation patterns of the plasma plume and the hardness of the titanium surface layer within the target assembly. The identified trends may indicate the implementation of a combined thermomechanical (shock) hardening mechanism, in which efficient conversion of laser energy absorbed by the graphite layer located beneath the glass plate results in heating and strengthening of titanium to a greater extent than in heating of graphite particles ablated into the plasma plume. The results of this work can be used to optimize laser processing regimes of titanium for controlled formation of surfaces with improved hardness values.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наносекундная лазерная обработка</kwd><kwd>титан</kwd><kwd>эмиссионная спектроскопия</kwd><kwd>лазерно-индуцированная микроплазма</kwd><kwd>лазерная абляция</kwd><kwd>лазерное термоупрочнение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nanosecond laser treatment</kwd><kwd>titanium</kwd><kwd>emission spectroscopy</kwd><kwd>laser-induced microplasma</kwd><kwd>laser ablation</kwd><kwd>laser peening</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансировании НИРСИИ Университета ИТМО (проект № 640114 «Метод синтеза параметров обработки материалов на основе строгих (математических) и нестрогих (машинных) предсказаний»).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by ITMO University Research Projects in AI Initiative (RPAII) (project no. 640114).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shugaev M.V., He M., Levy Y., Mazzi A., Miotello A., Bulgakova N.M., Zhigilei L.V. 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