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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2026-26-3-587-596</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-626</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ И КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MODELING AND SIMULATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Технология трехмерной реконструкции траектории свободной струи на основе фотограмметрии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Photogrammetry-based free jet trajectory 3D reconstruction technology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1153-350X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пожаркова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozharkova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пожаркова Ирина Николаевна — кандидат технических наук, доцент, профессор</p><p>sc 55990913900</p><p>Железногорск, 662972</p><p>Красноярск, 660041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Pozharkova — PhD, Associate Professor, Professor</p><p>sc 55990913900</p><p>Zheleznogorsk, 662972</p><p>Krasnoyarsk, 660041</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pozharkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирская пожарно-спасательная академия ГПС МЧС России; Сибирский федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia; Siberian Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>587</fpage><lpage>596</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пожаркова И.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пожаркова И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pozharkova I.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/626">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/626</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Предметом исследования является трехмерная реконструкция траектории свободной струи огнетушащего вещества по результатам натурных испытаний противопожарной ствольной техники. Получаемые на основе струи геометрические фигуры используются при синтезе и отладке систем технического зрения, алгоритмов управления пожарными роботами, построения и валидации математических и нейросетевых моделей изучаемых потоковых процессов. Особенностями свободных струй в данной прикладной области являются значительные размеры, изменяющаяся форма границ, переменная оптическая плотность различных участков и т. д., что значительно затрудняет применение существующих методов трехмерной реконструкции. Разработана технология построения моделей траекторий движения огнетушащего вещества, позволяющая решить указанные проблемы. Метод. Предложена методика проведения натурных испытаний ствольной техники на предварительно размеченном экспериментальном полигоне с синхронизированной видеофиксацией свободной струи в трех плоскостях, в том числе с использованием бортовой камеры беспилотного летательного аппарата. Приведен алгоритм трехмерной реконструкции траектории на основе полученных цифровых изображений с учетом геометрических особенностей изучаемых потоковых процессов. Основные результаты. Приведены результаты апробации разработанной технологии при изучении движения потока огнетушащего вещества из пожарного лафетного ствола под воздействием бокового ветра, который может существенно отклонять струю в поперечном направлении. На основе полученных при проведении эксперимента цифровых изображений была построена трехмерная модель исследуемой траектории. Сравнительный анализ геометрических характеристик струи (высота, дальность и отклонение в поперечном направлении), рассчитанных по результатам реконструкции, а также измеренных в ходе натурных испытаний, показал, что максимальная относительная ошибка составляет 3,7 %, что говорит о достаточно высокой точности разработанной методики. Обсуждение. Практическая значимость данной технологии заключается в возможности получения с высоким пространственным разрешением эмпирических данных при исследованиях свободных струй. Результаты эксперимента могут использоваться для валидации моделей, описывающих их движение на основе методов вычислительной гидродинамики и машинного обучения. Предложенная технология может найти применение при разработке систем технического зрения, алгоритмов управления наведением огнетушащего вещества на цель с учетом возмущающих воздействий в противопожарных роботизированных системах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The subject of this study, which is the focus of this article, is the three-dimensional reconstruction of the trajectory of a free jet of fire-extinguishing agent based on full-scale tests of firefighting monitor systems. The resulting geometric shapes are used in the synthesis and debugging of computer vision systems, control algorithms for firefighting robots, and the construction and validation of mathematical and neural network models of the studied flow processes. Key features of free jets in this applied field include their large scale, dynamically changing boundary shapes, variable optical density across different regions, and more, which significantly complicates the application of existing 3D reconstruction methods. The aim of this work is to develop a technology for modeling the trajectories of fire-extinguishing agents that can address these challenges. This study proposes a methodology for conducting full-scale tests of monitor systems on a pre-marked experimental site with synchronized video recording of the free jet in three planes, including the use of an onboard camera from an unmanned aerial vehicle. Additionally, an algorithm for 3D trajectory reconstruction based on the obtained digital images was developed, taking into account the geometric features of the studied flow processes. The article presents the results of testing the developed technology in studying the motion of a fire-extinguishing agent stream from a fire monitor nozzle under the influence of crosswinds which can significantly deflect the jet laterally. A 3D model of the investigated trajectory was constructed using digital images captured during the experiment. A comparative analysis of the jet geometric characteristics (height, range, and lateral deflection) — calculated from the reconstruction results and measured during full-scale tests — showed a maximum relative error of 3.7 %, indicating the high accuracy of the proposed method. The practical significance of this technology lies in its ability to obtain high-spatial-resolution empirical data in free-jet studies. These data can be used to validate models describing jet motion based on computational fluid dynamics and machine learning methods, particularly in the development of computer vision systems and fire-extinguishing agent targeting algorithms that account for external disturbances in robotic firefighting systems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трехмерная реконструкция</kwd><kwd>свободные струи</kwd><kwd>фотограмметрия</kwd><kwd>компьютерное зрение</kwd><kwd>пожарные роботы</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>БПЛА</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>3D reconstruction</kwd><kwd>free jets</kwd><kwd>photogrammetry</kwd><kwd>computer vision</kwd><kwd>fire robots</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>UAVs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou L., Wu G., Zuo Y., Chen X., Hu H. 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