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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2026-26-3-597-606</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-627</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ И КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MODELING AND SIMULATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оптимизация процессов смешения кислород-керосинового газогенератора</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Optimization of oxygen-kerosene gas generator mixing processes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9588-7104</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Архипов</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arkhipov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Архипов Павел Александрович — младший научный сотрудник</p><p>sc 57382931000</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 190005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel A. Arkhipov — Junior Researcher</p><p>sc 57382931000</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 190005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavelbulat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-9953</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булат</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulat</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Булат Павел Викторович — доктор физико-математических наук, кандидат экономических наук, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>sc 55969578400</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 190005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel V. Bulat — D.Sc. (Physics &amp; Mathematics), Ph. D. (Economics), Chief Researcher</p><p>sc 55969578400</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 190005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavelbulat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0583-0607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ренев</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Renev</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ренев Максим Евгеньевич — младший научный сотрудник</p><p>sc 57211271545</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 190005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim E. Renev — Junior Researcher</p><p>sc 57211271545</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 190005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">renevme@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Балтийский государственный технический университет «ВОЕНМЕХ» им. Д.Ф. Устинова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baltic State Technical University “VOENMEH” named after D.F. Ustinov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>597</fpage><lpage>606</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Архипов П.А., Булат П.В., Ренев М.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Архипов П.А., Булат П.В., Ренев М.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Arkhipov P.A., Bulat P.V., Renev M.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/627">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/627</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Представлены результаты оптимизации, направленные на улучшение смешения топлива и окислителя при сохранении эксплуатационных характеристик камеры сгорания жидкостного ракетного двигателя. Традиционные методы проектирования камер сгорания, описанные в классических учебных пособиях, основаны на полуэмпирических методиках, предназначенных, главным образом, для разработки мощных ракетных двигателей тягой от нескольких десятков тонн. В настоящее время появляется потребность в коммерческих средствах выведения легкого и сверхлегкого класса. Учитывая ограниченные габариты, массу и энергетические ресурсы малогабаритных жидкостных ракетных двигателей, особое внимание уделяется компактности и надежности работы форсуночных узлов. Рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с проектированием и оптимизацией форсуночной головки, обеспечивающей оптимальное смешение компонентов на расстоянии от днища форсуночной головки, достаточном для минимизации тепловой нагрузки на него. Метод. Применяется метод численного моделирования газодинамики с учетом процессов горения, переноса тепла, компонентов топливной смеси и излучения. Для учета жидких фаз кислорода, керосина, для корректной скорости движения этих фаз в форсунках используется уравнение состояния псевдогаза. Дроссельные характеристики форсунок рассчитаны в программном пакете ANSYS. Глобальная параметрическая оптимизация (метод роя частиц) проводилась по углам, диаметрам и расположению форсунок. Для валидации выходных параметров использованы расчеты химического равновесия в программном пакете «NASA CEA». Основные результаты. Показано, что разработанная методика оптимизации позволяет уменьшить размеры камеры сгорания практически в два раза. Сочетание методов численного моделирования процессов смесеобразования и горения с алгоритмами оптимизации позволяет проводить предварительную оптимизацию конструкции до изготовления опытных образцов, тем самым сокращая затраты на их разработку и изготовление. Обсуждение. В сравнении с распространенными подходами — параметрическим перебором, градиентной оптимизацией на упрощенных корреляциях, планированием эксперимента и «ручной» настройкой по стендовым сериям — предложенный метод опирается на сопряженные расчеты течения и теплообмена с быстрой моделью псевдогаза и автоматическим подбором геометрии форсунок по критериям равномерности и устойчивости горения. Это сокращает число физических итераций, повышает однородность факела и снижает термонапряженность узлов. Области применения рассматриваемого метода оптимизации: форсуночные головки жидкостных ракетных двигателей малой и средней тяги, газогенераторы, камеры воспламенения стендовых установок. Перспективы рассматриваемого метода: учет нестационарных колебаний и акустики, оптимизация с учетом неопределенностей, интеграция ограничений аддитивного производства и автоматизированный синтез каналов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study presents optimization results aimed at improving fuel–oxidizer mixing while preserving the operational characteristics of a liquid rocket engine combustion chamber. Traditional chamber design methods described in classic textbooks are based on semi-empirical procedures intended primarily for high-thrust engines delivering several tens of tons of thrust. There is now a growing demand for commercial launch vehicles of the light and ultralight classes. Given the tight size, mass, and energy budgets of small liquid engines, particular attention is paid to the compactness and reliability of injector assemblies. The work addresses the design and optimization of the injector head to achieve optimal mixing at a standoff from the injector faceplate sufficient to minimize its thermal load. Computational fluid dynamics is applied with combustion, heat transfer, species transport, and radiation. To account for the liquid phases of oxygen and kerosene and to represent their velocities in the injectors correctly, a pseudo-gas equation of state is used. Injector throttling characteristics are computed in ANSYS. Global parametric optimization (particle swarm method) is performed over injector angles, diameters, and layout. “NASA CEA” equilibrium calculations are used to validate output parameters. The developed optimization technique reduces combustion chamber dimensions by nearly a factor of two. Combining computational fluid dynamics of mixing and combustion with optimization algorithms enables preliminary design optimization before prototype fabrication, thereby lowering development and manufacturing costs. Compared with common approaches — parametric sweeps, gradient optimization based on simplified correlations, design of experiments, and manual tuning through test campaigns — the method relies on coupled flow and heat-transfer calculations with a fast pseudo-gas model and automatic selection of injector geometry by criteria of mixture uniformity and combustion stability. This reduces the number of physical iterations, improves spray uniformity, and lowers thermal stresses on components. Application areas of the suggested method: injector heads for small- and medium-thrust liquid engines, gas generators, and ignition chambers of test stands. Prospects of the method: accounting for unsteady oscillations and acoustics, optimization under uncertainties, integration of additive manufacturing constraints, and automated channel synthesis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>жидкостный ракетный двигатель</kwd><kwd>форсуночная головка</kwd><kwd>камера сгорания</kwd><kwd>горение</kwd><kwd>оптимизация</kwd><kwd>смешение</kwd><kwd>форсунка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liquid rocket engine</kwd><kwd>injector head</kwd><kwd>combustion chamber</kwd><kwd>combustion</kwd><kwd>optimization</kwd><kwd>mixing</kwd><kwd>nozzle</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации в ходе реализации проекта «Разработка фундаментальных и прикладных основ перспективных методов увеличения эффективности малоразмерных газотурбинных двигателей беспилотных летательных аппаратов и аэрокосмических транспортных систем, а также наземных энергетических установок», № FZWF2024-0004.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation during the implementation of the project “Development of fundamental and applied principles of promising methods for increasing the efficiency of small-sized gas turbine engines of unmanned aerial vehicles and aerospace transport systems as well as ground-based power plants”, No. FZWF-2024-0004.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мелькумов Т.М., Мелик-Пашаев Н.И., Чистяков П.Г., Шиуков А.Г. 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