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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2026-26-3-628-639</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-630</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ И КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MODELING AND SIMULATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальное и численное исследования структуры течения в щелевых каналах с плавным расширением и сужением</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and numerical flow visualization in rectangular cross-section channels with smooth expansion and contraction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3710-5116</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брызгунов</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bryzgunov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Брызгунов Павел Александрович — кандидат технических наук, доцент</p><p>sc 57844836600</p><p>Москва, 111250</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel A. Bryzgunov — PhD, Associate Professor</p><p>sc 57844836600</p><p>Moscow, 111250</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bryzgunovpa@mpei.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9381-4158</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паторкин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Patorkin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Паторкин Даниил Витальевич — ассистент</p><p>sc 59145498100</p><p>Москва, 111250</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil V. Patorkin — Assistant</p><p>sc 59145498100</p><p>Moscow, 111250</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">patorkindv@mpei.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9381-4158</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожемякин</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhemyakin</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кожемякин Максим Сергеевич — инженер</p><p>Москва, 111250</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim S. Kozhemyakin — Engineer</p><p>Moscow, 111250</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kozhemiakinms@mpei.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2062-216X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жилин</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhilin</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жилин Михаил Сергеевич — инженер</p><p>Москва, 111250</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail S. Zhilin — Engineer</p><p>Moscow, 111250</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhilinms@mpei.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8406-7901</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киндра</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kindra</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Киндра Владимир Олегович — кандидат технических наук, доцент</p><p>sc 57023993700</p><p>Москва, 111250</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir O. Kindra — PhD, Associate Professor</p><p>sc 57023993700</p><p>Moscow, 111250</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kindravo@mpei.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «МЭИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>628</fpage><lpage>639</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Брызгунов П.А., Паторкин Д.В., Кожемякин М.С., Жилин М.С., Киндра В.О., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Брызгунов П.А., Паторкин Д.В., Кожемякин М.С., Жилин М.С., Киндра В.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bryzgunov P.A., Patorkin D.V., Kozhemyakin M.S., Zhilin M.S., Kindra V.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/630">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/630</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. В настоящее время одним из наиболее распространенных типов теплообменных аппаратов являются пластинчатые теплообменники, в том числе микроканальные. Для повышения эффективности теплообменных аппаратов необходима оптимизация геометрии пластин, что реализуется с помощью численного моделирования течения и теплообмена. Численное моделирование требует валидации результатов не только по интегральным характеристикам, таким как перепад давлений или коэффициент теплоотдачи, но и по структуре течения. Метод. В работе экспериментально и численно исследована структура течения в щелевых каналах с односторонним плавным расширением и сужением: с минимальной (33 %), средней (53 %) и максимальной (200 %) степенью расширения при числе Рейнольдса около 300. Для численного моделирования использовалась стационарная трехмерная несжимаемая постановка на основе осредненных по Рейнольдсу уравнений Навье–Стокса с их замыканием посредством модели турбулентности k-ε Realizable. В ходе экспериментальных исследований был применен оптический метод анемометрии по изображениям частиц, заключающийся в кросс-корреляционном анализе последовательных снимков потока с засеянными частицами-трассерами, что позволяет определять их среднее смещение за время между кадрами, и, как следствие — двухмерное поле скоростей. Для реализации данного метода был создан стенд, в том числе разработан, изготовлен и испытан капельный генератор на основе сопла Ласкина. Основные результаты. Результаты численного моделирования и эксперимента показали мгновенные и осредненные поля скоростей в срединном продольном сечении каналов. Полученные результаты подтвердили качественное и количественное согласие с экспериментальными данными, отклонение не превышает 8 %. Установлено, что в случае значительных расширений в широкой части канала может возникать вихревое течение, при этом вихрь не является стационарным, несмотря на низкое число Рейнольдса и перемещается как влево-вправо, так и вверх-вниз, что при осреднении приводит к различиям в векторных полях скорости между результатами эксперимента и моделирования. Обсуждение. Подтверждено, что используемые в настоящем исследовании модели и подходы обеспечивают приемлемую точность с точки зрения воспроизведения структуры течений. Ввиду наличия вихревых структур при большой степени расширения, которая может быть образована оребрением со значительной высотой ребер, для использования в теплообменных каналах рекомендуются каналы с малым и средним расширениями как обеспечивающие безотрывный характер течения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, one of the most common types of heat exchangers is plate heat exchangers, including microchannel heat exchangers. To improve the efficiency of heat exchangers, optimization of the plate geometry is necessary which is achieved through numerical flow and heat transfer modeling. This requires validation of the results not only for integral characteristics such as pressure drop or heat transfer coefficient, but also for the flow structure. In this paper, we experimentally and numerically investigate the flow structure in slotted channels with a one-sided smooth expansion and contraction with a minimum (33 % of the slot height), average (53 % of the slot height), and maximum (200 % of the slot height) expansion at a Reynolds number of approximately 300. For numerical modeling, we used a steady state three-dimensional incompressible formulation based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with their closure using the k-ε Realizable turbulence model. During the experimental studies, we employed the optical method of particle image velocimetry which consists of cross-correlation analysis of successive images of the flow seeded with tracer particles, which allows us to determine their average displacement over the time between frames, and, consequently, the two-dimensional velocity field. To implement this method, a setup was created, including the development, manufacture, and testing of a droplet generator based on a Laskin nozzle. Using numerical modeling and experiments, instantaneous and averaged velocity fields in the mid-longitudinal cross-section of the channels were obtained. The numerical modeling results show good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experimental data, with deviations not exceeding 8 %. It was also established that, in the case of significant expansion, a vortex flow can occur in the wide section of the channel. The vortex is not stationary, despite the low Reynolds number, but moves both left and right and up and down. This, when averaged, leads to differences in the velocity vector fields between the experimental and modeled results. The models and approaches used in this study were found to provide acceptable accuracy in reproducing flow structures. Due to the presence of vortex structures at significant expansion, which can be formed by fins with significant fin heights, low- and medium-expansion channels are recommended for use in heat exchange channels as they ensure a flow without separation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>структура течения</kwd><kwd>анемометрия по изображениям частиц</kwd><kwd>PIV</kwd><kwd>теплообменные каналы</kwd><kwd>оребрение</kwd><kwd>визуализация течений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>flow structure</kwd><kwd>particle image velocimetry</kwd><kwd>PIV</kwd><kwd>heat exchange channels</kwd><kwd>finning</kwd><kwd>flow visualization</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации в рамках проекта государственного задания № FSWF-2026-0005 в сфере научной деятельности на 2026–2028 гг.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study conducted by the Moscow Power Engineering Institute was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project No. FSWF-2026-0005).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kapustenko P.O., Arsenyeva O.P., Varbanov P.S., Tovazhnyanskyy L.L. 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