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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2026-26-3-652-661</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-632</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ И КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MODELING AND SIMULATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Поиск с квантовым ускорением кратчайшего пути на графе в несортированном пространстве</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Quantum-accelerated shortest path search on a graph in unsorted space</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9817-2688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хури</surname><given-names>П. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khuri</surname><given-names>P. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хури Паскаль Мишалевич — студент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Paskal M. Khuri — Student</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">paskal_khuri@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4860-7019</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клишева</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klisheva</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клишева Алина Дмитриевна — студент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina D. Klisheva — Student</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petr.s.demchenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4948-2023</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демченко</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demchenko</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демченко Пётр Сергеевич — кандидат технических наук, директор по научной работе</p><p> sc 57194214776</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 191167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr S. Demchenko — PhD, Director for Science</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 191167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petr.s.demchenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7116-9028</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бебех</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bebekh</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бебех (Губайдуллина) Ксения Витальевна — преподаватель, ИП</p><p>sc 57191412462/57220166837</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia V. Bebekh (Gubaidullina) – Lecturer, IE Bebekh A.A.</p><p>sc 57191412462/57220166837</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petr.s.demchenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-8350</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ходзицкий</surname><given-names>М. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khodzitsky</surname><given-names>M. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ходзицкий Михаил Константинович — кандидат физико-математических наук,  генеральный директор</p><p>sc 16444444600</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 191167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail K. Khodzitsky — PhD (Physics &amp; Mathematics), Chief Executive Officer</p><p>sc 16444444600</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 191167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khodzitskiy@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4550-7169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Возианова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vozianova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Возианова Анна Викторовна — кандидат физико-математических наук,  исполнительный директор</p><p>sc 17436111400</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 191167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Vozianova — PhD (Physics &amp; Mathematics), Ececutive Officer</p><p> sc 17436111400</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 191167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna-vozianova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Терагерцовая Фотоника»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Terahertz Photonics, LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО; ООО «Терагерцовая Фотоника»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University;Terahertz Photonics, LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>652</fpage><lpage>661</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хури П.М., Клишева А.Д., Демченко П.С., Бебех К.В., Ходзицкий М.К., Возианова А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хури П.М., Клишева А.Д., Демченко П.С., Бебех К.В., Ходзицкий М.К., Возианова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khuri P.M., Klisheva A.D., Demchenko P.S., Bebekh K.V., Khodzitsky M.K., Vozianova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/632">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/632</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Алгоритмы и структуры данных важны в информационных технологиях (в частности, в терагерцовых беспроводных коммуникациях 6G), логистике, транспорте и планировании маршрутов в медицине. Одним из основополагающих алгоритмов, который находит применение во многих практических задачах, является алгоритм поиска кратчайшего пути на графе. Он используется для нахождения оптимального маршрута между двумя вершинами, минимизируя длину или количество промежуточных узлов. Эта задача относится к 21 NP трудной проблеме, сформулированной Ричардом Карпом в 1972 году. Она по-прежнему представляет собой серьезный вызов для науки, поскольку не существует полиномиального алгоритма, способного обеспечить точное ее решение. Метод. Рассмотрены подходы к решению задачи поиска кратчайшего пути на графе, а также обсуждаются их преимущества и недостатки. Изучены алгоритмы, такие как Беллмана–Форда, Дейкстры и А*; проанализированы их эффективность и применимость в различных ситуациях. Обсуждаются вопросы оптимизации алгоритмов поиска кратчайшего пути, такие как использование эвристик, предварительная обработка графа и другие методы, которые могут улучшить производительность и точность алгоритмов. Основные результаты. Предложена оптимизация алгоритма Дейкстры с квантовым ускорением. Проведена оценка устойчивости квантового алгоритма и величины искажений в схеме с различным количеством кубитов. Показано, что с возрастанием интенсивности искажений вероятность обнаружения искомого элемента уменьшается, а время, затрачиваемое на его поиск, увеличивается. При применении алгоритма Гровера для оптимизации пути в квантовой сети эти помехи становятся причиной увеличения времени поиска оптимального пути и повышения вероятности выбора неверного маршрута. Показано, что увеличение количества кубитов и, соответственно, количества итераций делает алгоритм более устойчивым. Продемонстрировано, что устойчивость алгоритма Гровера для схем с большим количеством кубитов имеет схожий характер. Работы квантовых схем на 9, 10 и 11 кубитах различие в значениях вероятностей верного срабатывания отличается менее, чем на 10–3. Таким образом, из полученных зависимостей можно предсказать характер такого влияния на схемы с еще большим числом кубитов, устойчивость которых не может быть исследована вследствие недостаточной вычислительной мощности классических компьютеров. Обсуждение. Наиболее эффективным способом модификации алгоритма Дейкстры является замена очереди с приоритетом в классической версии алгоритма на некоторую квантовую структуру данных, находящую минимальный элемент для следующей итерации алгоритма. Несмотря на то, что квантовый поиск не дает потенциального прироста в асимптотике, можно использовать иную квантовую модификацию алгоритма Дейкстры. А именно, вместо поддержания и поиска минимума в очереди с приоритетом применить квантовый алгоритм сразу для поиска вершины, которую необходимо добавить в дерево кратчайших путей, что дополнительно даст ускорение обхода графа алгоритмом Дейкстры.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Algorithms and data structures are important in information technology (particularly in 6G terahertz wireless communications), logistics, transportation, and route planning in medicine. One of the fundamental algorithms that find application in many practical problems is the shortest path algorithm. The shortest path algorithm is used to find the optimal route between two vertices while minimizing the length or number of intermediate nodes. This problem is one of the 21 NP-hard problems formulated by Richard Karp in 1972. It still poses a serious challenge to science, since there is no polynomial algorithm that can provide an exact solution to this problem. The article considers approaches to solving the problem of finding the shortest path on a graph, and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Various algorithms, such as the Bellman-Ford algorithm, Dijkstra, and the A* algorithm, are considered; their efficiency and applicability in various situations are analyzed. Issues of optimization of shortest path algorithms are discussed, such as the use of heuristics, graph preprocessing, and other methods that can improve the performance and accuracy of algorithms. The article proposes an optimization of Dijkstra’s algorithm with quantum acceleration. The stability of the quantum algorithm and the magnitude of distortions in a circuit with a different number of qubits are estimated. It is shown that with an increase in the intensity of distortions, the probability of detecting the desired element decreases, and the time spent on its search increases. When using Grover’s algorithm to optimize a path in a quantum network, these interferences cause an increase in the time it takes to find the optimal path and an increase in the probability of choosing an incorrect route. It is shown that an increase in the number of qubits and, accordingly, the number of iterations makes the algorithm more stable. It is demonstrated that the stability of Grover’s algorithm for circuits with a large number of qubits has a similar nature. The work of quantum circuits on 9, 10 and 11 qubits, the difference in the probabilities of correct operation differs by less than 10–3. Thus, from the obtained dependencies, it is possible to predict the nature of such an influence on circuits with an even larger number of qubits, the stability of which cannot be studied due to the insufficient computing power of classical computers. The most efficient way to modify Dijkstra’s algorithm is to replace the priority queue in the classical version of the algorithm with some quantum data structure that finds the minimum element for the next iteration of the algorithm. Despite the fact that quantum search does not provide a potential gain in asymptotics, another quantum modification of Dijkstra’s algorithm can be used. Namely, instead of maintaining and searching for a minimum in the priority queue, use the quantum algorithm immediately to search for a vertex that needs to be added to the shortest path tree, which will additionally acceleration the graph traversal by Dijkstra’s algorithm.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>поиск оптимального пути</kwd><kwd>графы</kwd><kwd>алгоритм Дейкстры</kwd><kwd>квантовые алгоритмы</kwd><kwd>алгоритм Гровера</kwd><kwd>квантовое ускорение</kwd><kwd>несортированное пространство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>optimal path search</kwd><kwd>graphs</kwd><kwd>Dijkstra’s algorithm</kwd><kwd>quantum algorithms</kwd><kwd>Grover’s algorithm</kwd><kwd>quantum acceleration</kwd><kwd>unsorted space</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках гранта Фонда развития Центра разработки и коммерциализации новых технологий (Фонда Сколково) в рамках Соглашения № 40113/0744-2024 от 19 сентября 2024 г.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the grant from the Center of the Development and Commercialization of New Technologies (Skolkovo Foundation) under Agreement No. 40113/0744-2024 dated September 19, 2024.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhan F.B., Noon C.E. 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