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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2026-26-4-793-805</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-647</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Регрессионный анализ на основе Vision Transformer для прогнозирования организации субъядерного хроматина по сигналам двумерного оптического рассеяния</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vision Transformer-based regression analysis to predict subnuclear chromatin organization from two-dimensional optical scattering signals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5217-669X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аззаз-Рахмани</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Azzaz-Rahmani</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аззаз-Рахмани Салима — PhD, преподаватель</p><p>sc 57224954188</p><p>Сиди-Бель-Аббес, 22000,</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salima Azzaz-Rahmani — PhD, Lecturer</p><p>sc 57224954188</p><p>Sidi Bel Abbes, 22000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Azzazsalima2002@yahoo.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1349-708X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зерруки</surname><given-names>Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zerrouki</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зерруки Хадж — PhD, преподаватель</p><p>sc 56611830500</p><p>Сиди-Бель-Аббес, 22000,</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Hadj Zerrouki — PhD, Lecturer</p><p>sc 56611830500</p><p>Sidi Bel Abbes, 22000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Zerrouki.hadj@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Джиллали Лиабеса в Сиди-Бель-Аббесе</institution><country>Алжир</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Djillali Liabes University of Sidi Bel Abbes</institution><country>Algeria</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>793</fpage><lpage>805</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аззаз-Рахмани С., Зерруки Х., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аззаз-Рахмани С., Зерруки Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Azzaz-Rahmani S., Zerrouki H.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/647">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/647</self-uri><abstract><p>Азимутально-разрешенные оптические сигналы рассеяния от ядер клеток несут в себе информацию о внутренних изменениях показателя преломления. Двумерные паттерны содержат ценные сведения об организации хроматина, которая играет критическую роль в ранней диагностике рака. В работе исследованы возможности двумерных сигналов рассеяния, служащими входными данными для обратной задачи извлечения пространственной длины корреляции lc и величины флуктуации δn субъядерных изменений показателя преломления с использованием современных подходов глубокого обучения. Вывод аналитических выражений, связывающих азимутальноразрешенные сигналы с lc и δn, оказывается невыполнимой задачей, поэтому применена методология, основанная исключительно на данных. Реализован конвейер регрессии на основе Vision Transformer, проведена его оценка на 198 численно смоделированных паттернах рассеяния, сгенерированных из ядерных моделей, охватывающих диапазон внутренних структурных параметров. Получено высокое соответствие между истинными и предсказанными значениями для обоих параметров, при этом средние абсолютные процентные ошибки для lc равны 6,2 %, а для δn — 9,8 %. Примечательно, что достигнутые показатели представляют собой существенное улучшение по сравнению с предыдущими методами на основе сверточных нейронных сетей и находятся ниже минимального относительного расстояния между соседними значениями параметров в исследованном наборе данных. Представленные результаты подтвердили, что архитектура Vision Transformer предлагает перспективный путь для извлечения информации, закодированной в двумерных данных оптического рассеяния, обеспечивая значительно более высокую точность, чем традиционные подходы на основе сверточных нейронных сетей для количественной характеристики хроматина.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Azimuth-resolved optical scattering signals from cell nuclei carry rich information about internal refractive index variations. These two-dimensional patterns provide valuable insights into chromatin organization which plays a critical role in early cancer detection. Our goal was to investigate whether two-dimensional scattering signals could serve as inputs to an inverse problem framework for extracting the spatial correlation length lc and fluctuation magnitude δn of subnuclear refractive index variations using state-of-the-art deep learning approaches. Deriving closed-form expressions connecting azimuth-resolved signals to lc and δn proves intractable, so we turned to a purely data-driven methodology. We implemented a Vision Transformer-based regression pipeline and evaluated it on 198 numerically simulated scattering patterns generated from nuclear models spanning a range of internal structural parameters. We observed strong agreement between ground truth and predicted values for both parameters, achieving mean absolute percent errors of 6.2 % for lc and 9.8 % for δn. Notably, these figures represent substantial improvements over prior Convolutional Neural Network-based methods and fall below the minimum relative spacing between adjacent parameter values in our dataset. Importantly, we demonstrate that the Vision Transformer achieves stable performance on this small dataset through careful regularization including weight decay (1·10–4), dropout (0.1), and early stopping (patience is 15), with learning curves showing no evidence of overfitting. These findings suggest that Vision Transformer architectures offer a promising avenue for mining the information encoded in two-dimensional optical scattering data, delivering markedly better accuracy than conventional Convolutional Neural Network approaches for quantitative chromatin characterization.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>организация хроматина</kwd><kwd>Vision Transformer</kwd><kwd>моделирование во временной области методом конечных разностей</kwd><kwd>глубокое обучение</kwd><kwd>оптическое рассеяние</kwd><kwd>регрессионный анализ</kwd><kwd>биомедицинская оптика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chromatin organization</kwd><kwd>Vision Transformer</kwd><kwd>finite-difference time-domain modeling</kwd><kwd>deep learning</kwd><kwd>optical scattering</kwd><kwd>regression analysis</kwd><kwd>biomedical optics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daneshkhah A., Prabhala S., Viswanathan P., Subramanian H., Lin J., Chang A.S., et al. 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