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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2022-22-5-889-895</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-71</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ И РОБОТОТЕХНИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AUTOMATIC CONTROL AND ROBOTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Формирование траектории цифрового двойника многозвенного механизма  с использованием адаптивного алгоритма оценки параметров  нелинейного движения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Adaptive nonlinear motion parameters estimation algorithm for digital twin  of multi-link mechanism motion trajectory synthesis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9981-8299</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мешков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мешков Алексей Викторович — аспирант, инженер</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p><p>sc 57222576415</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksei V. Meshkov — PhD Student, Engineer</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p><p>sc 57222576415</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avmeshkov@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2416-3766</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Громов Владислав Сергеевич — кандидат технических наук, доцент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 197101</p><p>sc 57222576415</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav S. Gromov — PhD, Associate Professor</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197101</p><p>sc 57196959497</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gromov@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>889</fpage><lpage>895</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мешков А.В., Громов В.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мешков А.В., Громов В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Meshkov A.V., Gromov V.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/71">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/71</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Предмет исследования</title><p>Предмет исследования. Системы контроля автоматизированных линий требуют высокой точности и скорости обработки получаемой информации. В последние годы быстро развиваются технологии цифрового двойника, цифровой модели системы, повторяющей параметры реального объекта. Цифровой двойник используется в задачах удаленного контроля состояния реальных систем, испытаний реакций воздействия внешних факторов, без прямого влияния на реальную систему. Цифровой двойник применяется во многих сферах, таких как здравоохранение, промышленность, образование, городская инфраструктура и многих других. Несмотря на популярность исследований данной тематики, не выделено единого подхода к формированию цифрового двойника. Зачастую в современных работах освещается задача синтеза двойника с известными параметрами рассматриваемой системы. В данной работе предложен метод формирования цифрового двойника многозвенного механизма с неизвестными параметрами движения рассматриваемой системы, основанный на адаптивной оценке параметров траектории движения многозвенных механизмов, который способен облегчить задачу удаленного контроля состояния производства и расширить применимость технологии цифрового двойника на новый класс задач.</p></sec><sec><title>Метод</title><p>Метод. В работе представлено описание синтеза адаптивного регулятора, основанного на внутренней модели, приведено теоретическое обоснование представленного алгоритма, а также описано его применение в задаче слежения за траекторией движения многозвенного механизма.</p></sec><sec><title>Основные результаты</title><p>Основные результаты. Выполнена экспериментальная апробация формирования цифрового двойника робота-манипулятора Kuka youBot в реальном времени с использованием адаптивного оценщика, основанного на внутренней модели. Адаптивная оценка параметров движения проведена для двух звеньев манипулятора с целью подтверждения возможности формирования цифрового двойника многозвенного механизма в условиях неизвестных параметров. Параметры движения звеньев робота-манипулятора задавались вручную посредством хаотических генераторов и не были известны адаптивному регулятору. Такой подход к формированию траектории движения звеньев манипулятора использован для оценки точности работы алгоритма путем вычисления ошибки слежения адаптивного алгоритма. Ошибка слежения определена как разность между эталонным воздействием, обеспечивающим движения манипулятора, и выходным сигналом адаптивного оценщика, который использован для описания траектории на модели робота-манипулятора в трехмерном пространстве. Проведены испытания, целью которых стала оценка ошибки слежения описываемого алгоритма. Положительными результатами принято считать сходимость ошибки слежения в области [–0,005, 0,005] рад. По результатам испытаний построены графики оценки, которые показали положительный результат. Существуют колебания ошибки слежения вокруг нуля, что обусловлено шумами измерений и задержками при симуляции режима работы реального времени в выбранной среде моделирования. По итогам испытаний приведены дальнейшие шаги по увеличению точности и производительности описываемого подхода к формированию цифрового двойника.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость. Результаты представленной работы могут быть использованы при дальнейших исследованиях технологий цифрового двойника, в условиях неизвестных параметров системы. Представленный метод формирования может применяться в задачах телеуправления манипуляторами, в системах контроля технического состояния роботов на производственной линии, а также в общих задачах слежения за траекторией движения многозвенных механизмов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Monitoring systems of automated production lines requires high accuracy and processing speed of acquired data. Nowadays digital twin technologies are rapidly developing as part of Industry 4.0. Digital twin is a virtual representation of a physical system that mimics the behaviour of a real object, and is used in real-time control, monitoring and disturbance prediction, without influence on a real object. Digital twin is being used in many fields of application such as: healthcare, manufacturing, education, city development, etc. Nonetheless, despite the rising popularity of digital twin researches, there is no basic approach to digital twin synthesis. Mostly, in state of the art articles, systems with known parameters are considered. In this paper, approach to development of digital twin, based on internal model for multi-link mechanisms with unknown motion parameters, is presented. Described approach intended to ease the task of production line monitoring and extend digital twin technology application field. In this article adaptive controller design, based on internal model, is presented, theoretical explanations of design process are provided, and application of the control algorithm in the task of multi-link mechanism motion trajectory parameters estimation is described. In this work the experimental synthesis of digital twin for Kuka youBot manipulator based on presented approach in real time is described. Adaptive motion parameters estimation was made for two links of the manipulator for the sake of confirmation of presented approach usage in the task of digital twin for systems with unknown parameters. Motion trajectory parameters of the robot links were defined manually with the use of chaotic generators to estimate the accuracy of the adaptive control system. This approach was used in order to calculate the error of reference tracking by comparing the control signal for digital twin with the reference exogenous input for manipulator links. As the results of the experiment, the graphs of the error reference tracking for both links are presented. As the goal of the experiment, the convergence of reference tracking error to the field [–0.005, 0.005] radian was set, and as can be seen from graphs this goal was achieved. There is a small disturbance of the error convergence on the graphs within the desired field which was caused by noised measurements and delays of the chosen modelling environment real-time simulations. In the conclusion of this paper, further work to reduce the influence of mentioned causes is described. The results of this paper can be used in further digital twin technology researches. Presented approach can be implemented in robots remote control tasks, production lines technical condition monitoring and in general motion trajectory parameters estimation tasks for multi-link mechanisms.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цифровой двойник</kwd><kwd>адаптивная оценка</kwd><kwd>многозвенные механизмы</kwd><kwd>нелинейная траектория движения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digital twin</kwd><kwd>adaptive estimation</kwd><kwd>multi-joint mechanisms</kwd><kwd>nonlinear motion trajectory</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана грантом Президента Российской Федерации № МД-3574.2022.4.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by President of the Russian Federation (grant МД-3574.2022.4).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rasheed A., San O., Kvamsdal T. 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