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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2022-22-5-962-969</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-80</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обработка данных ледовой разведки  при условии низкого качества исходных изображений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ice reconnaissance data processing under low quality source images</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7212-5230</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимофеев Андрей Владимирович — доктор технических наук, научный директор</p><p>Астана, 010000</p><p>sc 56689367600</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Timofeev — D. Sc., CSO</p><p>Astana, 010000</p><p>sc 56689367600</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">timofeev.andrey@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7874-7118</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грознов</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Groznov</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грознов Денис Игоревич — разработчик</p><p>Астана, 010000</p><p>sc 57218385022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis I. Groznov — Software Developer</p><p>Astana, 010000</p><p>sc 57218385022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.i.groznov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ТОО «Эквализум»</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLP “EqualiZoom”</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>962</fpage><lpage>969</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тимофеев А.В., Грознов Д.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тимофеев А.В., Грознов Д.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Timofeev A.V., Groznov D.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/80">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/80</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Предмет исследования</title><p>Предмет исследования. Предложено практически эффективное решение задачи автоматизированной обработки данных ледовой разведки в высоких широтах. Промежуточный результат ледовой разведки — большой массив данных аэрофотосъемки, состоящий из изображений низкого качества. Такой результат является следствием сложных условий аэрофотосъемки в высоких широтах. Цель работы — создание высокоэффективного метода, который при минимальных требованиях к вычислительным ресурсам способен или эффективно обработать предварительно собранный массив данных, или выполнить обработку подобных изображений в реальном масштабе времени. Метод должен обеспечить высокую надежность решения задачи по распознаванию класса распределения льдин на водной поверхности. Решена задача автоматической классификации типа распределения льдин по размерам для трехклассовой модели на основе данных аэрофотосъемки. Рассмотрен практически важный случай низкокачественных снимков, что является обычной ситуацией для метеорологических условий Крайнего Севера.</p></sec><sec><title>Метод</title><p>Метод. Предложенный подход основан на использования методов машинного обучения, в частности на мультиклассовой машине опорных векторов, который является крайне нетребовательным к вычислительным ресурсам и поэтому может быть реализован даже бортовым вычислителем беспилотного летательного аппарата ледовой разведки. По входным изображениям низкого качества вычисляются многомерные числовые характеристики входного изображения, которые его информативно характеризуют. Характеристики (признаки) данного типа инвариантны к масштабу, повороту и освещению, а также имеют значительно меньшую размерность, чем исходное изображение. Основная идея, лежащая в основе предлагаемого метода, заключается в формировании оригинальной совокупности признаков. Признаки реализуются в оригинальном пространстве признаков, эффективно характеризуют крупные фрагменты анализируемого изображения и являются «устойчивыми», в отличие от признаков, характеризующих мелкие детали.</p></sec><sec><title>Основные результаты</title><p>Основные результаты. Предложен новый метод классификации типа распределения льдин на водной поверхности на основе обработки данных аэрофотосъемки с использованием методов машинного обучения, который эффективен для обработки низкокачественных изображений бортовым вычислителем беспилотного летательного аппарата ледовой разведки. Предложено оригинальное пространство признаков классификации, которое обеспечивает высокую практическую эффективность данного метода. Метод показал высокую эффективность при тестировании на наборе данных, составленном из реальных изображений низкого качества (высокая размытость, нечеткость, наличие метеорологических помех).</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость. Разработанный алгоритм может быть использован для экспресс-анализа данных ледовой разведки, в том числе и как компонент программного обеспечения бортовых вычислителей беспилотных летательных аппаратов ледовой разведки. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A practically effective solution to the problem of automated processing of ice reconnaissance data in high latitudes is proposed. The intermediate result of ice reconnaissance is huge aerial survey data set consisting of images of low quality; this is a consequence of the difficult conditions of aerial survey in high latitudes. The goal of the study is to create a high-level method that can either efficiently process this pre-collected data set or perform real-time processing of similar images while ensuring high reliability in solving the problem of recognizing ice class distribution on the water surface with minimal computing resources. In particular, the problem of automatic classification of ice-floe size distribution (FSD) type for a three-class model based on aerial survey data is solved. The practically important case of low-quality images is considered, a common situation for the meteorological conditions of the Far North. The proposed approach is based on the use of machine learning methods, in particular on the well-known multi-class SVM (Support Vector Machine), which is extremely undemanding to computing resources and therefore can be implemented even by the onboard computer of an ice reconnaissance UAV. From the input images of low quality some numerical characteristics of the image are calculated which informatively characterize the image. These characteristics (features) are invariant to scaling, rotation and illumination as well as have a much smaller dimensionality than the original image. The main idea underlying the proposed method is to form an original set of features which are implemented in the original feature space. These features characterize large fragments of the analyzed image and are “stable”, in contrast to the features that characterize small details. A new method of FSD type classification based on the processing of aerial survey data by using machine learning methods, which is sufficiently effective for processing low-quality images, has been proposed. Also, the original feature space for classification was proposed which ensured high practical efficiency of this method. The method has shown high efficiency when it is tested on a data set composed of low-quality real images (high blurriness, vagueness, presence of meteorological noises). The developed algorithm can be used for express analysis of ice reconnaissance data, including an ice reconnaissance UAV on-board software component.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>распределение размеров льдин</kwd><kwd>ледовая разведка</kwd><kwd>классификация изображений</kwd><kwd>мультиклассовая SVM</kwd><kwd>гистограмма изображения</kwd><kwd>размытые изображения</kwd><kwd>классификация типов морского льда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sea-ice floe size distribution</kwd><kwd>ice reconnaissance</kwd><kwd>image classification</kwd><kwd>multi-class SVM</kwd><kwd>image histogram</kwd><kwd>blurry images</kwd><kwd>sea-ice type classification</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Першин Н.В. 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