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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ntv</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-1494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/2226-1494-2024-24-2-284-292</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ntv-99</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ И КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MODELING AND SIMULATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Модели и методика моделирования деформаций в САПР ANSYS для систем железнодорожных вагонных весов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Models and a deformations simulation approach using ANSYS CAD for railway wagons weighing system</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5044-7482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисенко</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisenko</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денисенко Марк Анатольевич — кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник </p><p> Таганрог, 344006 </p><p> sc 55935578400 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Mark A. Denisenko — PhD, Leading Researcher </p><p> Taganrog, 344006 </p><p> sc 55935578400 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dema.bmfe@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5145-0963</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaeva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исаева Алина Сергеевна — кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник </p><p> Таганрог, 344006 </p><p> sc 56372192800 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Alina S. Isaeva — PhD, Senior Researcher </p><p> Taganrog, 344006 </p><p> sc 56372192800 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">isaevaas@sfedu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0496-0087</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синюкин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinyukin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синюкин Александр Сергеевич — кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник </p><p> Таганрог, 344006 </p><p> sc 57220806250 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Alexander S. Sinyukin — PhD, Senior Researcher </p><p> Taganrog, 344006 </p><p> sc 57220806250 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sinyukin@sfedu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0545-7416</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалев Андрей Владимирович — доктор технических наук, доцент, главный научный сотрудник </p><p> Таганрог, 344006 </p><p> sc 57213917330 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Andrey V. Kovalev — D.Sc., Associate Professor, Chief Researcher </p><p> Taganrog, 344006 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avkovalev@sfedu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южный федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>284</fpage><lpage>292</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Денисенко М.А., Исаева А.С., Синюкин А.С., Ковалев А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Денисенко М.А., Исаева А.С., Синюкин А.С., Ковалев А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Denisenko M.A., Isaeva A.S., Sinyukin A.S., Kovalev A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/99">https://ntv.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/99</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Возможность быстрого, удобного и точного определения массы груза в вагонах позволяет повысить безопасность транспорта, а также обеспечить учет активов в железнодорожной инфраструктуре. Известны трехмерные твердотельные модели участка железнодорожного пути и методики моделирования деформаций, возникающих в рельсах под действием механических нагрузок, передаваемых через вагонные колеса. В соответствии с этими методиками происходит пересчет возникающих деформаций в вес вагонов. Температура рельса влияет на его механические свойства и, соответственно, на величину его деформации. В работе впервые предложена методика, позволяющая учитывать деформацию рельса под действием нагрузки с учетом изменения его температуры при различных граничных условиях. Метод. Согласно предложенному подходу, вес вагона определяется по величине деформаций, которые измеряются тензометрическими датчиками, расположенными на шейке рельса. Разработанные модели включают железнодорожное колесо, шпалы и фрагмент рельса. Фрагмент рельса, соответствующий участку пути, на котором устанавливаются датчики, геометрически воспроизводит существующий тип рельса R50 и размещается на шпалах, зафиксированных с нижней стороны. Модель колеса соответствует существующему типу цельнокатаных вагонных колес с диаметром по кругу катания 920 мм, благодаря чему в модели сохраняется корректное пятно контакта. Согласно методике, на разработанные твердотельные модели накладывается конечно-элементная сетка, устанавливаются соединения между фрагментами модели, применяются граничные и температурные условия, а также воздействующие силы. Последовательно выполняется конечно-элементный анализ для всех возможных комбинаций координаты колеса, нагружаемой массы и температуры. Для каждого случая регистрируются значения деформаций в четырех узлах рельса, соответствующих местам установки тензодатчиков. Проведено сравнение результатов конечно-элементного анализа для двух разработанных твердотельных моделей. Модели отличаются способом крепления рельса к шпалам и заданием граничных условий на торцах фрагмента рельса, позволяющих учитывать возможность релаксации температурных напряжений. В модели 1 рельс жестко связан со шпалами, в модели 2 рельс и шпалы соединены контактом, допускающим движение рельса по шпале с заданным коэффициентом трения. Кроме того, в модели 2 имитируется воздействие прижимных болтов. Основные результаты. Методика реализована в среде мультифизического моделирования ANSYS для связанной трехмерной задачи с использованием модулей Static Structural и Steady-State Thermal. Результаты моделирования показали, что значения деформаций, обусловленные температурным воздействием, в предложенных моделях отличаются. Диапазон вертикальных деформаций фрагмента рельса, на котором закреплены тензодатчики, при нагружаемой на колесо массе 12 500 кг составляет от минус 245 мкм (изгиб вниз) до 15 мкм (изгиб вверх) для модели 1 в зависимости от температуры рельса (в диапазоне от минус 20 °C до 50 °C), а для модели 2 — от минус 225 мкм до минус 100 мкм. Это позволяет сделать вывод, что модель 2 более корректно воспроизводит процесс деформации, а воздействие температуры на деформации менее значимо по сравнению с величиной механической нагрузки. Обсуждение. Предлагаемая модель, в отличие от известных, предполагает статическое взвешивание, характеризуемое большей точностью, надежностью и простотой применения. В дальнейшем планируется выполнение более подробного исследования модели с двумя колесами и осью с целью определения оптимального времени моделирования и точности получаемых результатов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Possibility of fast, convenient and precise definition of wagons load mass allows enhancing transport safety and ensures assets accounting in railroad infrastructure. There are known three-dimensional solid models of railway track sector and approaches of simulation the deformation which emerge in rails by mechanical load effect transmitted through wagon wheels. In accordance with these approaches, emerging deformations are recomputed into wagons weight. The rail temperature influences on its mechanical properties and, consequently, on the deformation value. In this work, for the first time, a technique has been proposed that allows one to consider the deformation of the rail under the load influence, taking into account its temperature variance at different boundary conditions. According to the proposed approach, the wagon weight is defined by deformation values which are measured by strain gauges located on the rail web. The developed models include a rail wheel, ties and a rail fragment. The rail fragment corresponding to the railway track sector on which sensors are mounted geometrically replicates an existent rail type R50 and is situated on the ties fixed from bottom side. The wheel model complies with an existent solid-rolled wagon wheel type with tread diameter 920 mm, thereby correct contact patch retains in the model. According to the approach, finite-element mesh is generated on the developed solid models, connections between model fragments are established, and boundary and temperature conditions as well as acting forces are applied. Sequentially finite-element analysis is performed for all possible combination of wheel coordinate, load mass and temperature. For every case, deformation values are registered in four rail nodes corresponding to strain gauges placements. Comparison of finite-element analysis results for two developed solid models is carried out. The models differ by the way of the rail on the ties mounting and boundary condition setting on the end faces of the rail fragment, allowing to consider possibility of temperature stresses relaxation. In the model 1 the rail is connected with ties rigidly, in the model 2 the rail and the ties are connected by a contact allowing the rail motion along the tie with given friction coefficient. Besides that clamp bolts impact is imitated in the model 2. The approach is implemented within multiphysical simulation environment ANSYS for coupled three-dimensional problem using Static Structural and Steady-State Thermal modules. Simulation results showed that the deformation values determined by the temperature influence differ for the proposed models. Vertical deformations range of the rail fragment on which the strain gauges are fastened, at the mass 12,500 kg loaded on the wheel, is from –245 μm (bend down) to 15 μm (bend up) for the model 1 depending on the rail temperature (in the range from –20 °C to +50 °C) and from –225 μm to –100 μm for the model 2. This allows concluding that the model 2 reflects deformation process more correctly, and the temperature influence on the deformation is less relevant compared to mechanical load value. The proposed model in contrast to the known ones implies static weighing characterized by more accuracy, reliability and simplicity of use. In the future it is planned the executing of the more detail research of a model with two wheels and an axle for determining optimal simulation time and obtained results accuracy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>железнодорожная система мониторинга</kwd><kwd>идентификация нагрузок</kwd><kwd>метод конечных элементов</kwd><kwd>твердотельное моделирование</kwd><kwd>совершенствование моделей</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>railway monitoring system</kwd><kwd>loads identification</kwd><kwd>finite element method</kwd><kwd>solid state modeling</kwd><kwd>models updating</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках проекта № FENW-2020-0022 «Разработка и исследование методов и средств мониторинга, диагностики и прогнозирования состояния инженерных объектов на основе искусственного интеллекта» по заданию Минобрнауки Российской Федерации.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation as part of the “Development and research of methods and tools for monitoring, diagnosing, and predicting the state of engineering objects based on artificial intelligence” project FENW-2020-0022.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pau A., Vestroni F. 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