Visual display system of changes in physiological state for patients with chronic disorders

There is an acute issue of patients recovering with chronic disorders in medicine of critical conditions — they are a vegetative and minimally consciousness state. Such states develop in patients after coma and are characterized by the presence of wakefulness with complete or almost complete absence of signs of purposeful behavior. Capturing small reflexes and body signs allows observing changes in the physiological state of the patient, the effectiveness of the treatment course and requires a continuous process, which is not always possible considering to the high workload of medical staff. In this regard, visual display and data transmission systems for patients are more efficient. The display device should be safe, mobile and not restrict the patient’s movement, should not have a negative impact on the patient. The display method should be intuitively understandable and clear for prompt decision-making. The main parts of the visual system are sensors of physiological signs on the patient’s body, a control module, a visual display object, and a data transmission module. RGB Arlight 5060 LED strips with pixel addressing on a textile substrate are used as display elements. The object of the visual display consists of three layers: a duvet cover on the underside, a wool blanket, a cotton backing with LED strips. The paper presents an assessment of the heating of the proposed visual display system for patients with chronic disorders and a comparison of the results with the maximum permissible heating of human skin. The heating estimation was performed by COMSOL Multiphysics cross-platform finite element analysis, solver, and multiphysics simulation. The simulation results are compared with an experimental study using a contact temperature meter Centre 304 and an infrared camera Optris PI 640i. The security of the system has been confirmed. Scenarios for the indicators to reduce the thermal impact are proposed. The proposed visual display system may be relevant when monitoring the physiological state of patients in Intensive Care Units. The implementation of the system will help to see changes in the physiological state and increase the chances of getting out of a chronic condition in the future.

1. Teasdale G., Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. The Lancet, 1974, vol. 304, no. 7882, pp. 81–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(74)91639-0

2. Folstein M.F., Folstein S.E., McHugh P.R. “Mini-mental state”: A Practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 1975, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6

3. Guger C., Allison B., Kammerhofer A., Guttmann F., Von Oertzen T.J., Spataro R., La Bella V., Annen J., Laureys S., Heilinger A., Ortner R., Cho W. MindBEAGLE – A new system for the assessment and communication with patients with disorders of consciousness and complete locked-in syndrom. Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), 2017, pp. 3008–3013. https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC.2017.8123086

4. Thibaut A., Chatelle C., Stender J., Demertzi A., Bernard C., Hustinx R., Laureys S., Bruno M.-A. PET imaging in altered states of consciousness: Coma, sleep, and hypnosis. PET and SPECT in Neurology, 2014, pp. 965–986. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642- 54307-4_47

5. Brain Function and Responsiveness in Disorders of Consciousness. Ed. by M.M. Monti, W.G. Sanita. Springer, 2016, pp. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21425-2

6. Cruse D., Chennu S., Chatelle C., Bekinschtein T.A., FernándezEspejo D., Pickard J.D., Laureys S., Owen A.M. Bedside detection of awareness in the vegetative state: a cohort study. The Lancet, 2012, vol. 378, no. 9809, pp. 2088–2094. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61224-5

7. Li X., Tan X., Wang P., Dong Y., Zhang X. Chronic disorders of consciousness: a case report with longitudinal evaluation of disease progression using 7 T magnetic resonance imaging. BMC Neurology, 2020, vol. 20, pp. 396. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-020-01973-0

8. Kremneva E., Sergeev D., Zmeykina E., Legostaeva L., Piradov M. Chronic disorders of consciousness: role of neuroimaging. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2017, vol. 886, pp. 012011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/886/1/012011

9. Cain J.A., Spivak N.M., Coetzee J.P., Crone J.S., Johnson M.A., Lutkenhoff E.S., Real C., Buitrago-Blanco M., Vespa P.M., Schnakers C., Monti M.M. Ultrasonic thalamic stimulation in chronic disorders of consciousness. Brain Stimulation, 2021, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 301–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2021.01.008

10. Bakulin I.S., Kremneva E.I., Kuznetsov A.V. et al. Chronic Disorders of Consciousness. Moscow, Gorjachaja Linija–Telekom Publ., 2020, 288 p. (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.25780/0006

11. Piradov M.A., Suponeva N.A., Sergeev D.V., Chervyakov A.V., Ryabinkina Yu.V., Sinitsyn D.O., Poidasheva A.G., Kremneva E.I., Morozova S.N., Yazeva E.G. Structural and functional basis of chronic disorders of consciousness. Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology, 2018, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 6–15. (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.25692/ACEN.2018.5.1

12. Yankovskaya L.V., Pitsko D.V. Monitoring in cardiologic intensive care units. International Heart and Vascular Disease Journal, 2016, vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 52–62. (in Russian)

13. Degtiareva S.A., Kondratieva E.A., Smirnova I.G., Polukhin I.S., Andreev Y.S., Bougrov V.E. Visual control and data transmission system by Li-Fi technology for patients in a vegetative state/ unresponsive wakefulness syndrome and minimally conscious state. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020, vol. 1697, pp. 012172. ttps://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1697/1/012172

14. Lovik R.D., Abraham J.P., Sparrow E.M. Surrogate human tissue temperatures resulting from misalignment of antenna and implant during recharging of a neuromodulation device // Neuromodulation. 2011. V. 14. N 6. P. 501–511. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1403.2011.00396.x